“…In this paper, we propose a generalized first-order aggregation model on the space of complex matrices with the same size(not necessarily a square matrix) and study its emergent dynamics. For the Stiefel manifold consisting of d 1 × d 2 matrix S with the property S t S = I d2 , emergent dynamics of an aggregation model on the Stiefel manifold was extensively studied in [26,42,43], and we also refer to [38] for an related issue. In fact, for U(d), our proposed model can be reduced to the Lohe matrix model [30,34,38,39,40].…”