Systolic blood pressure levels in black populations in sub-Sahara Africa, the West Indies, and the United States: a meta-analysis.

Wilson, Thomas W.; Hollifield, Lucas; Grim, CM

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.18.3_suppl.i87

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…There is some evidence that people of African origin who were transported as slaves from Africa to the Caribbean, the USA, Western Europe and the UK have even higher blood pressures than residents of cities in West Africa [4]. The factors explaining this second epidemiological transition may be similar to those related to the first transition described earlier.…”

Section: African-origin Populationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Hypertension in ethnic groups: epidemiological and clinical perspectives

Dwivedi

Beevers

2009

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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In the UK and other developed nations, hypertension and its vascular complications are more common in ethnically African and South-Asian communities compared with Europeans. While these conditions are less common in rural India and Africa, they present a rising problem in expanding cities in all developing countries. Hypertension is, therefore, mainly related to environmental and lifestyle factors rather than genetically determined racial differences. Studies in the USA and elsewhere show that the striking differences in the prevalence of hypertension between people of African and European origin are greatly reduced after adjustment for socio-economic status. One important and probably genuine racial difference between ethnic groups is the significantly suppressed activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in African-origin hypertensive patients. As a consequence of this, they are rather more sensitive to a low-salt diet but significantly less sensitive to drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers) and beta-blockers. There is also evidence that renin suppression is common in Japanese and Chinese hypertensive patients as well, although no direct comparisons between these two groups with European-origin patients have been carried out. The management and control of hypertension is unsatisfactory in all ethnic groups and all nations. No one group needs particular targeting; all need better quality systematic care.

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Section: African-origin Populationsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…In 'primitive' or unaculturated tribal societies in rural Africa, Asia and South America, hypertension and its complications are rare [1][2][3][4]. By contrast, in urban societies in all parts of the world, hypertension is common.…”

Section: African-origin Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in ethnic groups: epidemiological and clinical perspectives

Dwivedi

Beevers

2009

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

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“…2 However, with the exception of South Africa, low rates of hypertension are generally observed among blacks living in Africa. 3 One explanation for the association of skin color and blood pressure (BP) is an imbalance in the distribution of factors that affect BP. Epidemiological studies have identified a number of variables associated with BP levels, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), sodium intake, potassium intake, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Skin Color and Blood Pressure in Egyptian Adults

et al. 2000

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Abstract-In many, but not all societies, dark skin color is associated with high blood pressure. Whether the association between skin color and blood pressure is independent of known determinants of blood pressure remains controversial. We examined the association between skin color and blood pressure in 835 Egyptian adults (370 men and 465 women) participating in the National Hypertension Project, a national survey of hypertension prevalence and blood pressurerelated complications conducted in Egypt during 1991-1993. Skin color was assessed by measuring the concentration of cutaneous melanin in an unexposed area with the use of reflectance spectrophotometry. Higher concentrations of melanin were associated with lower body mass index, less education, manual labor (among men), and a lower urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio (among women). In multivariate regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, and education, there was a significant nonlinear association between blood pressure and skin color among women; in the lower to intermediate range of skin pigmentation, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in women with greater concentrations of cutaneous melanin. In men, blood pressure was not associated with skin color. When we used a subjective assessment of skin color, there was no significant difference in blood pressure between black-skinned Egyptians (predominantly of Nubian descent) and fair-skinned Egyptians for either gender. While the significant relationship in women appeared to be independent of known risk factors for hypertension, residual confounding may explain the association. (Hypertension. 2000;36:296-302.)

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“…The reverse appears to be true of African Americans [44], which is con sistent with the phenomenon of rural dwelling as a risk factor for PD in the USA. Neverthe less, systolic blood pressure in urban African Americans was still higher than that of urban Parkinson's Disease in Populations of African Origin dwellers in West Africa [44]. We have noted that heart disease and diabetes have a nega tive impact on elderly African American life expectancy [25], If these diseases are them selves risk factors for PD, African Americans would be at double jeopardy from increased risk of PD and high mortality.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Pdmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These populations are also at an increased risk for stroke [ 11,40] and show an increased preva lence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes [41], abnormalities of coagulation [42] and abnormalities of lipoprotein metabo lism [43], Of particular interest in the present context is a meta-analysis showing that systolic blood pressure levels are higher in African Ameri cans than in people from sub-Saharan Africa [44], Urbanization is associated with in creased systolic blood pressure in sub-Saha ran Africans [45]. The reverse appears to be true of African Americans [44], which is con sistent with the phenomenon of rural dwelling as a risk factor for PD in the USA. Neverthe less, systolic blood pressure in urban African Americans was still higher than that of urban Parkinson's Disease in Populations of African Origin dwellers in West Africa [44].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's Disease in Populations of African Origin A Review

Richards

Kr²

1996

Neuroepidemiology

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Several studies have reported a lower prevalence of Parkinson''s disease (PD) in populations of African origin than in populations of European origin, raising the possibility that the former are protected against PD. However, the confounding effects of low case ascertainment and high selective mortality on PD prevalence estimates in populations of African origin cannot be ruled out at this time. One hypothesis consistent with available data is that populations of African origin are vulnerable to vascular parkinsonism, which is associated with high mortality.

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Systolic blood pressure levels in black populations in sub-Sahara Africa, the West Indies, and the United States: a meta-analysis.

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Hypertension in ethnic groups: epidemiological and clinical perspectives

Hypertension in ethnic groups: epidemiological and clinical perspectives

Relationship Between Skin Color and Blood Pressure in Egyptian Adults

Parkinson's Disease in Populations of African Origin A Review

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