T-2 and HT-2 toxins in feed and food from Southern Italy, determined by LC-MS/MS after immunoaffinity clean-up

Pisciottano, Ilaria Di Marco; C, Imperato; Urbani, Valeria; Guadagnuolo, Grazia; Imbimbo, Samantha; Crescenzo, Michele De; Soprano, Vittorio; Esposito, Mauro; Gallo, Pasquale

doi:10.1080/19393210.2020.1771776

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) and LC-MS have been reported for the analysis of thirteen mycotoxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins in grass samples [ 135 ]. Although results indicate that these method provide sensitive results, the drawback for the routine use of these methods in terms of clean-up is the requirement of synthesising the microcomposite; however, researchers have shown that material can be re-used several times with no effect on extraction efficiency [ 135 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review

Meneely,

Greer,

Kolawole

et al. 2023

Toxins

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One of the major classes of mycotoxins posing serious hazards to humans and animals and potentially causing severe economic impact to the cereal industry are the trichothecenes, produced by many fungal genera. As such, indicative limits for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 were introduced in the European Union in 2013 and discussions are ongoing as to the establishment of maximum levels. This review provides a concise assessment of the existing understanding concerning the toxicological effects of T-2 and HT-2 in humans and animals, their biosynthetic pathways, occurrence, impact of climate change on their production and an evaluation of the analytical methods applied to their detection. This study highlights that the ecology of F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae as well as the influence of interacting environmental factors on their growth and activation of biosynthetic genes are still not fully understood. Predictive models of Fusarium growth and subsequent mycotoxin production would be beneficial in predicting the risk of contamination and thus aid early mitigation. With the likelihood of regulatory maximum limits being introduced, increased surveillance using rapid, on-site tests in addition to confirmatory methods will be required. allowing the industry to be proactive rather than reactive.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction (DMSPE) and LC-MS have been reported for the analysis of thirteen mycotoxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins in grass samples [135].…”

Section: Solid-phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review

Meneely,

Greer,

Kolawole

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Indeed, it was shown by Yue et al that in contrast to conventional sorbents, ISs suppressed matrix effects for LC–MS/MS analysis of STX in bivalve extracts [ 114 ] thus allowing an external calibration. This simple calibration method was also applied to the quantification of T2 and HT-2 toxins in 20 different samples of food [ 38 ] or a mix of mycotoxins in different samples [ 55 ] as no matrix effects were observed using the IS. IS cleanup also helps the reliability of the LC–MS/MS analysis.…”

Section: Immunoaffinity Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of using a blank extract of the studied matrix passed through the IS and spiked at different concentration levels to construct a calibration curve. This approach was also proposed by different groups to evaluate the clean-up effect of ISs [ 38 , 60 , 65 , 68 , 80 ]. Indeed, it was considered as necessary for the simultaneous quantification of HT-2 and T-2 toxins in maize and cherry samples [ 94 ], of several toxins in cereals [ 48 , 54 , 58 , 85 ], feed samples [ 84 ], or urine [ 62 ].…”

Section: Immunoaffinity Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices

Delaunay

Combès

Pichon

2020

Toxins

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The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins in complex samples requires often a step of purification and even preconcentration before their chromatographic analysis. Therefore, immunoaffinity sorbents based on specific antibodies thus providing a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of a target molecule and its structural analogs to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analysis in environmental, food or biological matrices. This review focuses on immunosorbents that have proven their efficiency in selectively extracting various types of toxins of various sizes (from small mycotoxins to large proteins) and physicochemical properties. Immunosorbents are now commercially available, and their use has been validated for numerous applications. The wide variety of samples to be analyzed, as well as extraction conditions and their impact on extraction yields, is discussed. In addition, their potential for purification and thus suppression of matrix effects, responsible for quantification problems especially in mass spectrometry, is presented. Due to their similar properties, molecularly imprinted polymers and aptamer-based sorbents that appear to be an interesting alternative to antibodies are also briefly addressed by comparing their potential with that of immunosorbents.

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“…Currently, various mycotoxins are quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectrometry (HPLC-UV) [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] and HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. However, HPLC has many disadvantages such as the need for larger sample volumes and longer run times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of 11 Mycotoxins in Maize via Multiple-Impurity Adsorption Combined with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Guan

Feng

Suo

et al. 2022

Foods

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In this study, multiple-impurity adsorption purification (MIA) technologies and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to establish a method for detecting 11 mycotoxins in maize. The conditions for mass spectrometry and MIA were optimized. Maize was extracted with 70% acetonitrile solution, enriched, and purified using MIA technologies, and then, analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficients of the 11 mycotoxins were >0.99, the sample recoveries ranged from 77.5% to 98.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <15%. The validated method was applied to investigate actual samples, and the results showed that the main contaminating toxins in maize were aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN). Additionally, simultaneous contamination by multiple toxins was common. The maximum detection values of the mycotoxins were 77.65, 1280.18, 200,212.41, 9.67, and 526.37 μg/kg for AFs, DON, FBs, OTA, and ZEN, respectively. The method is simple in pre-treatment, convenient in operation, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of 11 types of mycotoxins in maize.

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T-2 and HT-2 toxins in feed and food from Southern Italy, determined by LC-MS/MS after immunoaffinity clean-up

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review

T-2 and HT-2 Toxins: Toxicity, Occurrence and Analysis: A Review

Immunoaffinity Extraction and Alternative Approaches for the Analysis of Toxins in Environmental, Food or Biological Matrices

Simultaneous Determination of 11 Mycotoxins in Maize via Multiple-Impurity Adsorption Combined with Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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