T behavior: Psychological implications of thrill-seeking/risk-taking

Sarshar, Mona; Farley, Frank H.; Fiorello, Catherine A.; DuCette, Joseph

doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00557-7

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“… 63 For example, people with higher education had a higher level of psychological entitlement. 64 Therefore, higher educated people are more likely to think that they should receive preferential treatment compared to lower educated ones in the process of seeing a doctor, resulting in low scores in the “patient activation” and “practice” dimension of PL. They may also have higher expectation of medical outcomes, which means they can better understand the medical information obtained from doctors but ignore other information like medical entanglement, resulting in low scores in the PL dimension of “knowledge”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

Jiang¹,

Shen²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

PPA

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Purpose There are few studies on the intervention of the doctor–patient relationship (DPR) from patients’ perspective, because of lacking appropriate measurement instruments for the effect of the patient interveqntion. Understanding the status of patients’ literacy (the ability to initiatively obtain, read, and analyze health-related materials, make appropriate decisions, reduce risks of health-related problems) and developing the patients’ literacy scale (PLS) align with the interests of patients, doctors, and researchers. Patients and Methods This study was conducted in two stages: item building and item refinement. A total of 303 subjects were recruited from the outpatient hall in three hospitals with different levels in Hangzhou city, China. Twenty patients and seven experts determined the face and content validity, respectively. The construct validity, convergent, discriminant validity, and known-group validity of the scale were examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA). Internal consistency, including Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s ω, split-half reliability, and composite reliability (CR), was also tested. Results The EFA of PLS showed that Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.787, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity showed a significance of p < 0.001. The extracted four-factor (patient activation, knowledge, attitudes, practice) model explained 61.266% of the total variance. For the overall PLS, the Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s ω and split-half reliability coefficient were 0.815, 0.838 and 0.720, respectively. The CFA showed the goodness of fit (RMSEA = 0.065, CMIN/DF = 1.635, GFI = 0.900, CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.909). The CR of each factor in this scale was 0.740, 0.732, 0.630, and 0.749, respectively. Conclusion This study showed that the PLS was valid and reliable to measure the patients’ literacy (PL). The 15-item PLS can help not only measure PL but also be used as a standard and advocacy target for patients’ behavioral model which can further improve the DPR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

Jiang¹,

Shen²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

PPA

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“…The daredevils of present interest are known for their thrill-seeking, risk-taking behaviour-sometimes designated in the literature as T behaviour (Morehouse et al 1990;Sarshar et al 2019;Self et al 2007). Modern psychology sometimes refers to individuals prone to such behaviour as having a Type T personality (Morehouse et al 1990), whose common manifestations are engaging in extreme sports (Self et al 2007), anti-social behaviour, unsafe sexual practices, or recklessness in everyday activities.…”

Section: …To the Wild Side: Daredevilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dopamine Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of particular prominence among the neurobiological features implicated in thrillseeking and risk-taking in humans is the dopaminergic system, which plays a vital role in the regulation of affective and motivational processes (Sarshar et al 2019;Steinberg 2008). It has been discovered that decreased functioning of the dopaminergic system can lead to an increase in sensation-seeking (Steinberg 2008), one of the main components of thrill-seeking and risk-taking (Sarshar et al 2019); this may be the case in daredevil behaviour. Diminished levels of dopamine have been linked to a decrease in the experience of typically rewarding stimuli as rewarding, often leading the individual to seek out novel or intense stimulation-such as those associated with street drugs or dangerous activities-that can provide a sufficient level of satisfaction (Steinberg 2008).…”

Section: Dopamine Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The argument from Evel (Knievel): daredevils and the free energy principle

Carls-Diamante

2022

Biol Philos

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Much of the literature on the free energy principle (FEP) has focused on how organisms maintain homeostasis amidst a constantly changing environment. A fundamental feature of the FEP is that biological entities are “hard-wired” towards self-preservation.However, contrary to this notion, there do exist organisms that appear to seek out rather than avoid conditions that pose an elevated risk of serious injury or death, thereby jeopardizing their physiological integrity. Borrowing a term used in 1990s popular culture to refer to stunt performers like Evel Knievel, these organisms that exhibit such behavioural characteristics can be referred to as daredevils.This paper presents the case of daredevils as a challenge to the FEP’s homeostasis- and optimization-based construal of biological systems. It also introduces three possible explanatory strategies by which the FEP can account for daredevils. The broader objective of the paper is to enhance the FEP’s ability to account for a diverse range of complex behaviour.

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“…Neurobiological evidence also suggests that psychological pain may be related to cognitive decline [ 5 ]. Additionally, it is noted that previous studies demonstrate robust associations between psychological pain and suicide [ [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ], as severe psychological pain can serve as a primary motivation and impetus for suicide [ 3 , 11 ]. Chronic psychological pain can lead to a variety of psychological health problems associated with suicide risk such as depression, anxiety, personality disorders [ 12 ], and can weaken an individual's coping abilities, making it difficult for them to effectively cope with life's difficulties and pressures, which can lead them to consider suicide as a means of escaping reality [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influencing factors of psychological pain among older people in China: A cross-sectional study

Zhou,

Han,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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T behavior: Psychological implications of thrill-seeking/risk-taking

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

The argument from Evel (Knievel): daredevils and the free energy principle

Influencing factors of psychological pain among older people in China: A cross-sectional study

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