T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of <i>Plasmodium malariae</i> share sequence homology

Hassan, Md. Mehedi; Sharmin, Shirina; Hong, Jinny; Lee, Hoi-Seon; Kim, Hyeonjin; Hong, Seong‐Tshool

doi:10.1515/biol-2021-0062

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These data suggest the third possibility by which the T-cells, recognizing the epitopes, are primed by the exposure to other ubiquitous antigens. A recent report suggested that such sequence homology exists between SARS-CoV-2 peptides and peptides from allergen proteins [71], malaria proteins [72], and antigenic proteins in BCG, OPV, MMR, and some other vaccines [73]. Perhaps sequence homology, in the context of 9-mer T-cell epitopes, between pathogens is more common than what was originally thought.…”

Section: Epitope Cross-reactivity With Human Peptides Human Common Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Polyproteins to Identify Promiscuous and Highly Conserved T-Cell Epitopes to Formulate Vaccine for Indonesia and the World Population

et al. 2021

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SARS-CoV-2 and its variants caused the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccines that target conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 and stimulate protective T-cell responses are important for reducing symptoms and limiting the infection. Seven cytotoxic (CTL) and five helper T-cells (HTL) epitopes from ORF1ab were identified using NetCTLpan and NetMHCIIpan algorithms, respectively. These epitopes were generated from ORF1ab regions that are evolutionary stable as reflected by zero Shannon’s entropy and are presented by 56 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I and 22 HLA Class II, ensuring good coverage for the Indonesian and world population. Having fulfilled other criteria such as immunogenicity, IFNγ inducing ability, and non-homology to human and microbiome peptides, the epitopes were assembled into a vaccine construct (VC) together with β-defensin as adjuvant and appropriate linkers. The VC was shown to have good physicochemical characteristics and capability of inducing CTL as well as HTL responses, which stem from the engagement of the vaccine with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) as revealed by docking simulations. The most promiscuous peptide 899WSMATYYLF907 was shown via docking simulation to interact well with HLA-A*24:07, the most predominant allele in Indonesia. The data presented here will contribute to the in vitro study of T-cell epitope mapping and vaccine design in Indonesia.

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Section: Epitope Cross-reactivity With Human Peptides Human Common Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Polyproteins to Identify Promiscuous and Highly Conserved T-Cell Epitopes to Formulate Vaccine for Indonesia and the World Population

et al. 2021

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“…For analysis of anti-NP antibody kinetics, samples were drawn serially from 72 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-confirmed patients. Overall, patients were followed for a median of 31 [interquartile range (IQR): [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] days, and ranging between 7 to 37 days. Whenever possible, samples were drawn every 3 days during follow-up.…”

Section: Data and Specimen Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibody testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used for epidemiological surveillance, in aiding the diagnosis of (previous) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), and in the assessment of herd immunity following natural infection or after vaccine administration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Several reports have demonstrated a lack of specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in evaluations of samples both pre-pandemic as well as samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic period [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have demonstrated a lack of specificity for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in evaluations of samples both pre-pandemic as well as samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic period [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Such samples derived from parasite-endemic areas may cross-react to some of the SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes [19,20]. On the other hand, antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers may be influenced in individuals with profound immune suppression, such as HIV-1 [21], though others have not demonstrated such effects [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 antibody response among COVID-19 patients is not affected by parasite co-infection

Gebrecherkos,

Kiros,

Challa

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: B-cell hypo-responsiveness has been associated with intestinal parasitic co-infection. The effect of parasite co-infection on antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. Here, we aimed to determine antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 among COVID-19 patients co-infected with intestinal parasites and those without parasite co-infection. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a total of 589 samples were serially collected from 72 RT-PCR-confirmed patients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibody titers were measured longitudinally during hospitalization. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR on samples obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs, while direct microscopic examination, modified Ritchie concentration, and Kato-Katz methods were used to identify parasites and ova from fresh stool samples. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. Results: Of the 72 COVID-19 patients, 39 (54.2%) were co-infected with intestinal parasites while 33 (45.8%) had no parasitic co-infection. Overall, the median cut-off index (COI) for anti-NP antibody titer among COVID-19 patients co-infected with parasites was 6.91 (IQR: 0.55-40.7) compared to 7.51 (IQR: 0.21-59.21) in those without parasites (p=0.764). In addition, 174/261 [66.7% (95% CI: 60.68-72.16)] and 231/328 [70.4% (95% CI: 65.23-75.14)] specimens from COVID-19 patients with parasite co-infection and without parasites, respectively, had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody above the cut-off COI value (p=0.328). The positivity rate for anti-SARS-CoV-2 NP < 14 days after symptom onset was 66.3% (95% CI: 60.21-71.85) and 70.0% (95% CI: 64.72-74.74) for those not infected and co-infected with parasites, respectively (p=0.343). In addition, 31/72 (41.9%) of the patients who were negative at the time of enrollment were seroconverted. The trend in anti-NP antibodies among seroconverted individuals with and without parasites is also similar. Conclusions: Co-infection with parasitic infection has very little effect on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response. Further studies on the profile of neutralizing antibodies in parasite-endemic areas are warranted to ascertain vaccine efficacy.

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“…Upon the database search, these 7 amino acids motif was found to share 100% similarity with P. malariae conserved membrane bound-surface protein. Performing a CD4 T-cell epitope analysis resulted in two epitopes with the core peptide motif (NNLDSKV) that have 97.72 and 98.60% immunogenicity and bind MHC-I alleles (HLA-A*24:02, HLA-A*02:01 and other alleles) ( 107 , 108 ). While the preparation of this review was underway an international group headed by Prof. Bei, Yale University demonstrated that antibodies generated against malaria would interact with SARS-CoV-2 surface protein.…”

Section: Bioinformatics Similarities Between Malaria and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

The striking mimics between COVID-19 and malaria: A review

et al. 2022

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ObjectivesCOVID-19 is a transmissible illness triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its onset in late 2019 in Wuhan city of China, it continues to spread universally, leading to an ongoing pandemic that shattered all efforts to restrain it. On the other hand, in Africa, the COVID-19 infection may be influenced by malaria coinfection. Hence, in this review article, we aimed to give a comprehensive account of the similarities between COVID-19 and malaria in terms of symptoms, clinical, immunological, and molecular perspectives.MethodologyIn this article, we reviewed over 50 research papers to highlight the multilayered similarities between COVID-19 and malaria infections that might influence the ontology of COVID-19.ResultsDespite the poor health and fragile medical system of many sub-Saharan African countries, they persisted with a statistically significantly low number of COVID-19 cases. This was attributed to many factors such as the young population age, the warm weather, the lack of proper diagnosis, previous infection with malaria, the use of antimalarial drugs, etc. Additionally, population genetics appears to play a significant role in shaping the COVID-19 dynamics. This is evident as recent genomic screening analyses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and malaria-associated-variants identified 6 candidate genes that might play a role in malaria and COVID-19 incidence and severity. Moreover, the clinical and pathological resemblances between the two diseases have made considerable confusion in the diagnosis and thereafter curb the disease in Africa. Therefore, possible similarities between the diseases in regards to the clinical, pathological, immunological, and genetical ascription were discussed.ConclusionUnderstanding the dynamics of COVID-19 infection in Sub-Saharan Africa and how it is shaped by another endemic disease like malaria can provide insights into how to tailor a successful diagnostic, intervention, and control plans that lower both disease morbidity and mortality.

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T cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and conserved surface protein of Plasmodium malariae share sequence homology

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Immunoinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Polyproteins to Identify Promiscuous and Highly Conserved T-Cell Epitopes to Formulate Vaccine for Indonesia and the World Population

Immunoinformatics Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Polyproteins to Identify Promiscuous and Highly Conserved T-Cell Epitopes to Formulate Vaccine for Indonesia and the World Population

SARS-CoV-2 antibody response among COVID-19 patients is not affected by parasite co-infection

The striking mimics between COVID-19 and malaria: A review

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