T-cell function in newborn mice and humans

Adkins, Becky

doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(99)01473-5

Cited by 296 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Other explanations for the lack of T cell expansion in newborn recipients, such as the lack of differentiated or functional antigenic niches, or limited nonspecific resources during early development, cannot be excluded at this point. However, they seem unlikely to account for the present results since a number of immune responses, including antiviral responses, can be induced after natural or experimental immunization of euthymic newborn individuals (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control the Size of the Peripheral Activated/Memory CD4 T Cell Compartment

Annacker

Burlen-Defranoux

Pimenta-Araujo

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

136

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The mechanisms leading to stable T cell numbers in the periphery of a healthy animal are, to date, not well understood. We followed the expansion of CD45RBhigh (naive) and CD45RBlow (activated/memory) CD4 T cells transferred from normal mice into syngeneic Rag-20/0 recipients and the dynamics of peripheral reconstitution when both populations were coinjected. Naive cells acquired an activated phenotype and showed a high proliferative capacity that was dependent on the environment in which the recipients were kept (specific pathogen-free vs conventional housing conditions), the age of the recipients, and the presence of CD45RBlow T cells in the injected cohort. CD45RBlow CD4 T cells protected the host from CD45RBhigh CD4 T cell-induced inflammatory bowel disease and showed a limited degree of expansion. CD45RBlow CD4 T cells isolated from GF mice also showed the ability to prevent inflammatory bowel disease, indicating that at least part of the natural regulatory T cells are self-reactive. The results indicate that 1) peripheral T cell expansion in lymphocyte-deficient recipients represent classical immune responses, which are mainly promoted by exogenous Ags and 2) natural regulatory T cells control the size of the activated/memory peripheral CD4 T cell compartment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control the Size of the Peripheral Activated/Memory CD4 T Cell Compartment

Annacker

Burlen-Defranoux

Pimenta-Araujo

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

136

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“…In this respect, it seems important to recall that changes in the protein and epitope specificity of HCMVspecific CD8 + T cells over time have been reported in children with congenital or postnatal HCMV infection [18] as well as during Epstein-Barr virus infection [19]. This might be due to different viral antigen processing and presentation [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous quantification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells by a novel method using monocyte-derived HCMV-infected immature dendritic cells

et al. 2005

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Immature dendritic cells (DC) infected with an endotheliotropic (Huv + ) and leukotropic (Leuk + ) human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain were used as a stimulus to determine functional HCMV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Infected DC were cocultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells and both arms of T cell activation were determined by intracellular flow cytometry analysis of IFN-c production. Efficient stimulation of HCMV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses was achieved using DC productively infected with Huv + Leuk + VR1814 strain. On the contrary, a negligible CD8 + T cell response was obtained when HCMV strains unable to infect DC, or DC pulsed with inactivated viral antigen, were used. HCMV specificity of the T cell response was confirmed in 46 HCMV-seropositive and 8 HCMV-seronegative healthy subjects. A cut-off was established to discriminate between immune and nonimmune subjects. The novel ex vivo assay enables the simultaneous evaluation of HCMV-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses and may be a useful tool for monitoring HCMV-specific T cell activity in immunocompromised transplanted patients.

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“…Antibody responses in infants were thought to be dominated by IgM due to inadequate function of helper T cells, thus making the antigen-specific B cells unable to undergo isotype switching and hypermutations [24,25]. T cell responses induced by neonatal immunization are indeed lower than in adults [26,27] and development of neonatal CD4 + Th1 functions is severely impaired [28]. However, it has been demonstrated that significant IgG responses may be induced after immunization with protein antigens (reviewed in [23]), indicating that T cell help to promote isotype switch of B cells from IgM to IgG is present already in the neonatal period of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

et al. 2006

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Immunization with a tetanus-protein (TT) pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) conjugate vaccine (Pnc1-TT) induces protective immunity against lethal pneumococcal infections in neonatal and infant mice, but anti-PPS IgG response and protective efficacy is lower than in adult mice. Here, we show that reduced antibody (Ab) response and protection against infections is directly related to impaired T cell response to the carrier. Whereas spleen cells from adult mice immunized with Pnc1-TT responded with proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion to in vitro stimulation with TT, spleen cells from neonatal and infant mice did not. However, significant, but age dependent, Th2-cytokine responses were observed in mice immunized with Pnc1-TT. Impaired IFN-gamma production upon TT-stimulation in vitro was also reflected in reduced IFN-gamma/IL-5 ratio. The IL--5 response correlated with IgG anti-PPS titers, and the lack of PPS Ab in the majority of neonatal mice was clearly associated with absence of carrier-specific IL-5 production. These results show that immunization with Pnc1-TT induces carrier-specific T cell responses that increase with age and determine the levels of PPS-specific Ab elicited. Whereas a weak and Th2-biased response was observed in neonatal mice, infant mice showed a mixed Th1-Th2 response as observed in adults

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T-cell function in newborn mice and humans

Cited by 296 publications

References 53 publications

Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control the Size of the Peripheral Activated/Memory CD4 T Cell Compartment

Regulatory CD4 T Cells Control the Size of the Peripheral Activated/Memory CD4 T Cell Compartment

Simultaneous quantification of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CD4+ and CD8+T cells by a novel method using monocyte-derived HCMV-infected immature dendritic cells

Early life T cell responses to pneumococcal conjugates increase with age and determine the polysaccharide‐specific antibody response and protective efficacy

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