T cell hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children: a longitudinal study

Qui, Martin; Hariharaputran, Smrithi; Hang, Shou Kit; Zhang, Jinyan; Tan, Chee Wah; Chong, Chia Yin; Low, Jenny; Wang, Linfa; Bertoletti, Antonio; Yung, Chee Fu; Le Bert, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105203

eBioMedicine

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105203

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T cell hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children: a longitudinal study

Martin Qui,

Smrithi Hariharaputran,

Shou Kit Hang

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection

Toh,

Anderson,

Mazarakis

et al. 2024

Clin & Trans Imm

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ObjectivesThe immune response in children elicited by SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection alone or in combination with COVID‐19 vaccination (hybrid immunity) is poorly understood. We examined the humoral and cellular immune response following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection in unvaccinated children and children who were previously vaccinated with COVID‐19 mRNA vaccine.MethodsParticipants were recruited as part of a household cohort study conducted during the Omicron predominant wave (Jan to July 2022) in Victoria, Australia. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following COVID‐19 diagnosis. Humoral immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike proteins from Wuhan, Omicron BA.1, BA.4/5 and JN.1, as well as cellular immune responses to Wuhan and BA.1 were assessed.ResultsA total of 43 children and 113 samples were included in the analysis. Following Omicron infection, unvaccinated children generated low antibody responses but elicited Spike‐specific CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses. In contrast, vaccinated children infected with the Omicron variant mounted robust humoral and cellular immune responses to both ancestral strain and Omicron subvariants. Hybrid immunity persisted for at least 6 months post infection, with cellular immune memory characterised by the generation of Spike‐specific polyfunctional CD8 T‐cell responses.ConclusionSARS‐CoV‐2 hybrid immunity in children is characterised by persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and robust CD4 and CD8 T‐cell activation and polyfunctional responses. Our findings contribute to understanding hybrid immunity in children and may have implications regarding COVID‐19 vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 re‐infections.

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Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection

Toh,

Anderson,

Mazarakis

et al. 2024

Clin & Trans Imm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Tsagkli,

Geropeppa,

Papadatou

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global health crisis and the burden of the disease continues to persist. The rapid development and emergency authorization of various vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, played a pivotal role in mitigating severe illness and mortality. However, rapid viral mutations, leading to several variants of concern, challenged vaccine effectiveness, particularly concerning immune evasion. Research on immunity, both from natural infection and vaccination, revealed that while neutralizing antibodies provide protection against infection, their effect is short-lived. The primary defense against severe COVID-19 is derived from the cellular immune response. Hybrid immunity, developed from a combination of natural infection and vaccination, offers enhanced protection, with convalescent vaccinated individuals showing significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, understanding the durability and breadth of hybrid immunity becomes crucial. This narrative review examines the latest data on humoral and cellular immunity from both natural infection and vaccination, discussing how hybrid immunity could inform and optimize future vaccination strategies in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and in fear of a new pandemic.

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T cell hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children: a longitudinal study

Cited by 2 publications

References 65 publications

Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection

Humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated children following SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron infection

Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature

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