T-cell responses to allergens: epitope-specificity and clinical relevance

Neerven, R.J.J. van; Ebner, Christof; Yssel, Hans; Kapsenberg, Martien L.; Lamb, Jonathan R.

doi:10.1016/0167-5699(96)10058-x

Cited by 91 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In contrast to previous data, there is evidence, as already mentioned, that blocking of APC to Th2-cell costimulation pathways may inhibit the Th2 proliferation and, as a result, may prevent or suppress allergen-specific T-cell activation ( 137).…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Considerationscontrasting

confidence: 51%

The role of alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells in allergic airway sensitization

Jansen

1996

Allergy

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Section: Conclusion and Clinical Considerationscontrasting

confidence: 51%

The role of alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells in allergic airway sensitization

Jansen

1996

Allergy

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“…This suggests that a Th2–dominant response developed in the sensitized mice, as occurs in humans with allergic disorders [39, 40]. This also could account, in part, for the differential effects of cytokines observed on the IgG subclass production and for the role of cytokines in altering the immune response through the production of dominant IgE and IgG1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mouse Model of Mosquito Allergy for Study of Antigen–Specific IgE and IgG Subclass Responses, Lymphocyte Proliferation, and IL–4 and IFN–Á Production

Chen¹,

Simons²,

Peng³

1998

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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To date, there are no ideal animal models for study of natural sensitization leading to IgE– and lymphocyte–mediated hypersensitivities. We established such a model in which four BALB/c mice were each sensitized by exposure to at least 16 mosquito Aedes aegypti bites, twice a week for 4 weeks. Four non–exposed control mice were also studied. Mosquito A. aegypti head and thorax extract, saliva, and two recombinant salivary allergens (rAed a 1 and rAed a 2) were used in vitro as antigens. Intradermal tests were performed. Serum mosquito antigen–specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and total IgE were measured by ELISA; specific IgE was measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). IgE responses to each antigen in the saliva were analyzed using Western blotting. Spleen lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed to determine the cell–mediated hypersensitivity response. Antigen–induced IL–4 and IFN–γ production in the spleen lymphocytes were evaluated using ELISA. After 4 weeks, all 4 mosquito–sensitized mice developed a positive immediate wheal 20 min after skin tests with mosquito antigens, and a positive delayed papule 24 h later, while control mice did not. Also, the sensitized mice had a positive PCA response, which correlated significantly with total IgE levels (r = 0.84, p<0.05), confirming the presence of antigen–specific IgE, while none of control mice had a positive response. Antigen–specific IgG1, but not IgG2a, was increased in the sensitized mice (p<0.01). Western blotting showed that 5 of the 8 antigens which elicited mouse IgE responses, including 2 major antigens, also elicited human IgE responses. The mean lymphocyte proliferation response to mosquito antigens also elicited human IgE responses. The mean lymphocyte proliferation response to mosquito antigens was significantly increased in the sensitized mice (p<0.05). IL–4 production was significantly increased and IFN–γ production was decreased, further suggesting that a Th2 immune response predominates despite the development of the delayed skin reaction. This new model of natural sensitization without using an adjuvant is potentially useful for the study of other allergic disorders as well as mosquito allergy.

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“…Monoclonal TCC, specific for only one epitope, were obtained by limiting dilution of the TCL. Similar to many other respiratory allergens [65, 66], the majority of Art v 1-specific T cells were CD4+CD8–TCRαβ++ and belonged to the Th2 phenotype, i.e. after allergen-specific stimulation they produced high amounts of IL-4 and IL-5, but low or no IFN-γ [67].…”

Section: T Cell Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few epitopes other than Art v 1 22–36 were recognized in a minority of patients. Thus, Art v 1 strikingly differs from other common major pollen allergens, which contain multiple epitopes that also vary from patient to patient [65, 66]. …”

Section: T Cell Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Spectrum of Allergens in Ragweed and Mugwort Pollen

Wopfner

Gadermaier

Egger

et al. 2005

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

161

132

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Ragweed and mugwort are important allergenic weeds belonging to the Asteraceae or Compositae plant family. Pollen of mugwort is one of the main causes of allergic reactions in late summer and autumn in Europe and affects about 10–14% of the patients suffering from pollinosis. Ragweed pollen represents the major source of allergenic protein in the United States, with a prevalence of about 50% in atopic individuals. In Europe, ragweed allergy is now rapidly increasing particularly in certain areas in France, Italy, Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Bulgaria. Amb a 1 and Art v 1, the major allergens of ragweed and mugwort, respectively, are unrelated proteins. Amb a 1 is an acidic 38-kDa nonglycosylated protein. The natural protein undergoes proteolysis during purification and is cleaved into a 26-kDa alpha chain, which associates noncovalently with the beta chain of 12 kDa. The two-chain form seems to be immunologically indistinguishable from the full-length molecule. Art v 1 is a basic glycoprotein comprising two domains: an N-terminal cysteine-rich, defensin-like domain and a C-terminal proline/hydroxyproline-rich module. The proline/hydroxyproline-rich domain was recently shown to contain two types of glycosylation: (1) a large hydroxyproline-linked arabinogalactan composed of a short β1,6-galactan core substituted by a variable number (5–28) of α-arabinofuranose residues forming branched side chains with 5-, 2,5-, 3,5-, and 2,3,5-substituted arabinoses, and (2) single and adjacent β-arabinofuranoses linked to hydroxyproline. As described for other pollen, ragweed and mugwort pollen also contain the pan-allergen profilin and calcium-binding proteins, which are responsible for extensive cross-reactivity among pollen-sensitized patients.

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T-cell responses to allergens: epitope-specificity and clinical relevance

Cited by 91 publications

References 53 publications

The role of alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells in allergic airway sensitization

The role of alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells in allergic airway sensitization

A Mouse Model of Mosquito Allergy for Study of Antigen–Specific IgE and IgG Subclass Responses, Lymphocyte Proliferation, and IL–4 and IFN–Á Production

The Spectrum of Allergens in Ragweed and Mugwort Pollen

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