T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study

Mok, Chris Ka Pun; Zhu, Airu; Zhao, Jingxian; Lau, Eric H. Y.; Wang, Junxiang; Zhao, Chen; Zhuang, Zhen; Wang, Yanqun; Alshukairi, Abeer N.; Baharoon, Salim; Wang, Wenling; Tan, Wenjie; Liang, Weiwen; Oladipo, Jamiu O; Perera, Ranawaka A.P.M.; Kuranga, S A; Peiris, Malik; Zhao, Jincun

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30599-5

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…While several studies have quantified hCoVspecific T-cell responses in adult cohorts, 24,25,27 it was unclear whether the different viruses would elicit phenotypically distinct Tmem or cTFH responses. Together with studies of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses, 29,32 our data suggest that the CCR6 + phenotype of circulating hCoV-specific CD4 memory cells may be broadly reflective of coronavirus infection in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26 Several groups find widespread but modest CD4 T-cell responses to hCoV proteins, with estimates for the prevalence of memory responses ranging from 70% to 100% of study participants. 24,25,27 Detection of hCoV-specific CD8 T-cell responses has been less reported, 27 and the prevalence of cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2-specific responses in these cohorts varies substantially. 24,25 Furthermore, data comparing hCoV-specific T-or Bcell responses in the circulation with the presence or absence of such responses in the respiratory tract or secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude

et al. 2021

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Objectives. Endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs) circulate worldwide but cause minimal mortality. Although seroconversion to hCoV is near ubiquitous during childhood, little is known about hCoV-specific T-cell memory in adults. Methods. We quantified CD4 T-cell and antibody responses to hCoV spike antigens in 42 SARS-CoV-2-uninfected individuals. Antigen-specific memory T cells and circulating T follicular helper (cTFH) cells were identified using an activation-induced marker assay and characterised for memory phenotype and chemokine receptor expression. Results. T-cell responses were widespread within conventional memory and cTFH compartments but did not correlate with IgG titres. SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cells were observed in 48% of participants and correlated with HKU1 memory. hCoV-specific T cells exhibited a CCR6 + central memory phenotype in the blood, but were enriched for frequency and CXCR3 expression in human lung-draining lymph nodes. Conclusion. Overall, hCoV-specific humoral and cellular memory are independently maintained, with a shared phenotype existing among coronavirus-specific CD4 T cells. This understanding of endemic coronavirus immunity provides insight into the homeostatic maintenance of immune responses that are likely to be critical components of protection against SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude

et al. 2021

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“…In MERS patients, the development of neutralizing antibodies was not sufficient for an effective clearance of the virus ( 238 ). The association between the recovery from MERS and the generation of both antibody and T-cell responses ( 221 , 239 ) indicates key roles for cell-mediated immune mechanisms against the virus. However, the analysis of immune responses of camels to MERS-CoV infection was limited to the investigation of virus-specific antibodies ( 179 ).…”

Section: Mucosal Immunity In Camelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Camel Immunology

Hussen

Schuberth

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Camels are domesticated animals that are highly adapted to the extreme desert ecosystem with relatively higher resistance to a wide range of pathogens compared to many other species from the same geographical region. Recently, there has been increased interest in the field of camel immunology. As the progress in the analysis of camel immunoglobulins has previously been covered in many recent reviews, this review intends to summarize published findings related to camel cellular immunology with a focus on the phenotype and functionality of camel leukocyte subpopulations. The review also describes the impact of different physiological (age and pregnancy) and pathological (e.g. infection) conditions on camel immune cells. Despite the progress achieved in the field of camel immunology, there are gaps in our complete understanding of the camel immune system. Questions remain regarding innate recognition mechanisms, the functional characterization of antigen-presenting cells, and the characterization of camel NK and cytotoxic T cells.

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“…In 2012, Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in the Arabian Peninsula, where it still circulates, and was exported to 27 countries, infecting a total of ~2,494 individuals and claiming 858 lives as of January 2020 according to the World Health Organization (Zaki et al, 2012). A recent study further suggested that undetected zoonotic MERS-CoV transmissions are currently occurring in Africa (Mok et al, 2020). A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, was associated with an outbreak of severe pneumonia in the Hubei Province of China at the end of 2019 and has since infected over 64 million people and claimed more than 1.4 million lives worldwide during the ongoing pandemic (Zhou et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural basis for broad coronavirus neutralization

Sauer

Tortorici

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

116

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Three highly pathogenic β-coronaviruses crossed the animal-to-human species barrier in the past two decades: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 64 million people worldwide, claimed over 1.4 million lives and is responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We isolated a monoclonal antibody, termed B6, cross-reacting with eight β-coronavirus spike glycoproteins, including all five human-infecting β-coronaviruses, and broadly inhibiting entry of pseudotyped viruses from two coronavirus lineages. Cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography characterization reveal that B6 binds to a conserved cryptic epitope located in the fusion machinery and indicate that antibody binding sterically interferes with spike conformational changes leading to membrane fusion. Our data provide a structural framework explaining B6 cross-reactivity with β-coronaviruses from three lineages along with proof-of-concept for antibody-mediated broad coronavirus neutralization elicited through vaccination. This study unveils an unexpected target for next-generation structure-guided design of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.

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T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude

Adaptive immunity to human coronaviruses is widespread but low in magnitude

Recent Advances in Camel Immunology

Structural basis for broad coronavirus neutralization

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