We study generalized complex structures and T -duality (in the sense of Bouwknegt, Evslin, Hannabuss and Mathai) on Lie algebras and construct the corresponding Cavalcanti and Gualtieri map. Such a construction is called Infinitesimal T -duality. As an application we deal with the problem of finding symplectic structures on 2-step nilpotent Lie algebras. We also give a criteria for the integrability of the infinitesimal T -duality of Lie algebras to topological T -duality of the associated nilmanifolds.Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 53C30, 22E25, 17B01, 81T30, 53D18 .One can also define a bracket on the sections of T E ⊕ T * E (the Courant bracket) byWe remark that complex and symplectic structures are examples of generalized complex structures. If J and ω are complex and symplectic structures respectively on E, then J J := −J 0 0 J * and J ω := 0 −ω −1 ω 0 are generalized complex structures on E for H = 0.When E is a Lie group G one can consider invariant generalized complex structures. In this case we assume H to be a left invariant closed 3-form on G, which is identified with an alternating 3-form on the Lie algebra g of G and closed with respect to the Chevalley-Eilenberg differential. The Lie group also acts by left translations on T G ⊕ T * G the usual ones, they need to be compatible with H ∨ in some sense. In the following we explain this compatibility.Let J be an almost complex structure on a Lie algebra g, H ∈ Λ 3 g * and consider J J : g ⊕ g * → g ⊕ g *J J is orthogonal and satisfies J 2 J = −1. Suppose its i-eigenspace is involutive with respect to the Courant bracket twisted by H. This is equivalent to the annihilation of the "Nijenhuis tensor" defined using the Courant bracket:J J (·)] H Plugging in vectors x, y ∈ g and separating vectors and 1-forms we get −J[x, y] + [Jx, y] + [x, Jy] + J[Jx, Jy] = 0 J * (i x i y H) + i Jx i y H + i x i Jy H − J * (i Jx i Jy H) = 0. The first equation is the usual integrability condition of complex structures. The second one, when we plug in a third vector z ∈ g, is this rather nice and symmetrical condition: H(Jx, y, z) + H(x, Jy, z) + H(x, y, Jz) = H(Jx, Jy, Jz) ∀x, y, z ∈ g. (15)One can show that this necessary condition for the involutivity of the i-eigenspace of J J is also sufficient.Definition. An almost complex structure is called H-integrable if it is integrable and satisfies (15).