T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses

RETRACTED: In-silico modelling studies of 5-benzyl-4-thiazolinone derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors via 2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET predictions

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) reported about 2–5 million cases of severe illness caused by the ravaging seasonal influenza virus epidemic which resulted in over 500,000 deaths globally ( Korsten et al., 2021 ). These flu epidemics cause severe respiratory infections in children, adults, the elderly, and people with underlying health conditions ( Aleebrahim-Dehkordi et al., 2022 ). Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is an enzyme that catalyzes the obliteration of terminal sialic acid residues (sialidase) which aids in liberating new virions formed from the infected cells and circulating to infect the neighboring cells ( Abed et al., 2016 ).…”

A single-dose of the deactivated rabies virus vectored COVID-19 vaccine, CORAVAX, is highly efficacious and alleviates lung inflammation in the hamster model

“…(day 46 and 52), we observed significantly increased S1 IgG responses in the CORAVAX group, which were significantly higher than the responses seen in the control group (Fig 2A). Moreover, the CORAVAX vaccinated animals induced a strong Th1 biased immune response on time points post-challenge, a feature previously shown to be beneficial in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infection 15 . In contrast, control animals immunized with FILORAB1 induced either no S1 IgG2/3 responses or low levels in the case of two animals only on day 14 p.c.…”

A Single Dose of the Deactivated Rabies-Virus Vectored COVID-19 Vaccine, CORAVAX, Is Highly Efficacious and Alleviates Lung Inflammation in the Hamster Model

“…(days 46 and 53), we observed significantly increased S1 IgG responses in the CORAVAX group, which were approximately 64-fold (day 7) and 9-fold (day 14) higher than the responses seen in the control group (Figure 2A). Moreover, the CORAVAX-vaccinated animals induced a strong Th1-biased immune response at time points post-challenge, a feature previously shown to be beneficial in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infection [15]. In contrast, control animals immunized with FILORAB1 induced either no S1 IgG2/3 responses or low levels in the case of two animals only on day 14 p.c.…”