T-lymphocyte dysfunction in the elderly associated with zinc deficiency and subnormal nucleoside phosphorylase activity: Effect of zinc supplementation

Cossack, Zafrallah T.

doi:10.1016/0277-5379(89)90156-9

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Supplementation improved IL-1 pro-duction and DTH [153] . The results confirmed an earlier study in subjects older than 70 years who received 200 mg zinc twice daily for 1 month and which showed an increased number of circulating T lymphocytes and an increased DTH and antibody response to tetanus vaccine [154] . A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of supplementation with either zinc (25 mg/day) or vitamin A (800 g/day) over 3 months showed that zinc supplementation alone improved the cell-mediated immune response significantly in an older population (increased number of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes) [155] .…”

Section: Zincsupporting

confidence: 81%

Contribution of Selected Vitamins and Trace Elements to Immune Function

Wintergerst

Maggini²,

Hornig³

2007

Ann Nutr Metab

622

494

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Adequate intakes of vitamins and trace elements are required for the immune system to function efficiently. Micronutrient deficiency suppresses immune functions by affecting the innate T-cell-mediated immune response and adaptive antibody response, and leads to dysregulation of the balanced host response. This increases the susceptibility to infections, with increased morbidity and mortality. In turn, infections aggravate micronutrient deficiencies by reducing nutrient intake, increasing losses, and interfering with utilization by altering metabolic pathways. Insufficient intake of micronutrients occurs in people with eating disorders, in smokers (both active and passive), in individuals with chronic alcohol abuse, in patients with certain diseases, during pregnancy and lactation, and in the elderly. With aging a variety of changes are observed in the immune system, which translate into less effective innate and adaptive immune responses and increased susceptibility to infections. Antioxidant vitamins and trace elements (vitamins C, E, selenium, copper, and zinc) counteract potential damage caused by reactive oxygen species to cellular tissues and modulate immune cell function through regulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and affect production of cytokines and prostaglandins. Adequate intake of vitamins B₆, folate, B₁₂, C, E, and of selenium, zinc, copper, and iron supports a Th1 cytokine-mediated immune response with sufficient production of proinflammatory cytokines, which maintains an effective immune response and avoids a shift to an anti-inflammatory Th2 cell-mediated immune response and an increased risk of extracellular infections. Supplementation with these micronutrients reverses the Th2 cell-mediated immune response to a proinflammatory Th1 cytokine-regulated response with enhanced innate immunity. Vitamins A and D play important roles in both cell-mediated and humoral antibody response and support a Th2-mediated anti-inflammatory cytokine profile. Vitamin A deficiency impairs both innate immunity (mucosal epithelial regeneration) and adaptive immune response to infection resulting in an impaired ability to counteract extracellular pathogens. Vitamin D deficiency is correlated with a higher susceptibility to infections due to impaired localized innate immunity and defects in antigen-specific cellular immune response. Overall, inadequate intake and status of these vitamins and minerals may lead to suppressed immunity, which predisposes to infections and aggravates malnutrition.

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Section: Zincsupporting

confidence: 81%

Contribution of Selected Vitamins and Trace Elements to Immune Function

Wintergerst

Maggini²,

Hornig³

2007

Ann Nutr Metab

622

494

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Using higher doses of zinc, 40-220 mg/d with different lengths of treatment (Table 1), Duchateau et al (56) and Sandstead et al (57) have observed an improvement in response to skin-test antigens and taste acuity; an improved delayed type hypersensitivity reaction has been also found in a limited number of subjects by Cossack (58) and by Wagner et al (59) ; Prasad et al (60) found improved IL-2 mRNA. Other studies (61)(62)(63) report no effects on various immune functions after zinc supplementation, perhaps due to high dose of zinc used for too long a period (Table 1).…”

Section: (Z)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Zinc, metallothioneins and immunosenescence

et al. 2010

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Ageing is an inevitable biological process with gradual and spontaneous biochemical and physiological changes and increased susceptibility to diseases. The nutritional factor, zinc, may remodel these changes with subsequent healthy ageing, because zinc improves the inflammatory/immune response as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. The intracellular zinc homeostasis is regulated by buffering metallothioneins (MT) and zinc transporters (ZnT and ZIP families) that mediate the intracellular zinc signalling assigning to zinc a role of 'second messenger'. In ageing, the intracellular zinc homeostasis is altered, because high MT are unable to release zinc and some zinc transporters deputed to zinc influx (ZIP family) are defective leading to low intracellular zinc content for the immune efficiency. Physiological zinc supplementation in the elderly improves these functions. However, the choice of old subjects for zinc supplementation has to be performed in relation to the specific genetic background of MT and IL-6, because the latter is involved both in MTmRNA and in intracellular zinc homeostasis. Old subjects carrying GG genotypes (C-carriers) in the IL-6 -174G/C locus display high IL-6, low intracellular zinc content, impaired innate immunity and enhanced MT. Old subjects carrying GC and CC genotypes (C + carriers) display satisfactory intracellular zinc content, adequate innate immunity and are more prone to reach longevity. Zinc supplementation in old C-carriers restores natural killer cell cytotoxicity and zinc status. The genetic variations of the IL-6 -174G/C locus when associated with those of the MT1A + 647A/C locus are useful tools for the choice of old people for zinc supplementation.

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“…Sample-size calculations were based on available data for DTH (36,37), key inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-a) (38), selected gut microbiota (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus) (38), and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity (38). The largest sample size needed was n = 37/group to detect a significant difference at P , 0.05 for DTH with 80% power.…”

Section: Sample-size Calculations and Random Assignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial has a modest effect on gut microbiota and immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults

Vanegas

Meydani

Barnett

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

222

178

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Background: Observational studies suggest an inverse association between whole-grain (WG) consumption and inflammation. However, evidence from interventional studies is limited, and few studies have included measurements of cell-mediated immunity. Objective: We assessed the effects of diets rich in WGs compared with refined grains (RGs) on immune and inflammatory responses, gut microbiota, and microbial products in healthy adults while maintaining subject body weights. Design: After a 2-wk provided-food run-in period of consuming a Western-style diet, 49 men and 32 postmenopausal women [age range: 40-65 y, body mass index (in kg/m 2 ) ,35] were assigned to consume 1 of 2 provided-food weight-maintenance diets for 6 wk. Results: Compared with the RG group, the WG group had increased plasma total alkyresorcinols (a measure of WG intake) (P , 0.0001), stool weight (P , 0.0001), stool frequency (P = 0.02), and shortchain fatty acid (SCFA) producer Lachnospira [false-discovery rate (FDR)-corrected P = 0.25] but decreased pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae (FDR-corrected P = 0.25). Changes in stool acetate (P = 0.02) and total SCFAs (P = 0.05) were higher in the WG group than in the RG group. A positive association was shown between Lachnospira and acetate (FDR-corrected P = 0.002) or butyrate (FDR-corrected P = 0.005). We also showed that there was a higher percentage of terminal effector memory T cells (P = 0.03) and LPS-stimulated ex vivo production of tumor necrosis factor-a (P = 0.04) in the WG group than in the RG group, which were positively associated with plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations. Conclusion: The short-term consumption of WGs in a weightmaintenance diet increases stool weight and frequency and has modest positive effects on gut microbiota, SCFAs, effector memory T cells, and the acute innate immune response and no effect on other markers of cell-mediated immunity or systemic and gut inflammation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01902394.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:635-50.

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T-lymphocyte dysfunction in the elderly associated with zinc deficiency and subnormal nucleoside phosphorylase activity: Effect of zinc supplementation

Cited by 49 publications

References 21 publications

Contribution of Selected Vitamins and Trace Elements to Immune Function

Contribution of Selected Vitamins and Trace Elements to Immune Function

Zinc, metallothioneins and immunosenescence

Substituting whole grains for refined grains in a 6-wk randomized trial has a modest effect on gut microbiota and immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults

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