T/R Module Development for X-Band Active Phased-Array Radar

Abstract

This paper presents design and test results of X-Band Transmit/Receive(T/R) module for active phased-array radar. Active phased array radars typically require solid state T/R modules with high output power, low noise figure, high Third Order Intercept(TOI), and sufficient gain in both transmit and receive. The output power of the module is 9 watts over a wide bandwidth. The noise figure is as low as 2.8 dB. Phase and amplitude are controlled by the 6-bit phase shifter and 5-bit attenuator, respectively. Highly integrated T/R module is achieved by using LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) multiple layer substrate. The module incorporates a compact digital interface, requires only three supply voltages.

Cooling performance evaluation of impingement jet cooling passage on solid-state power amplifier in RF system

“…As such, only the internal air flow exists. Since internal convection occurs due to the heat generated in the T/R device, it is possible to infer the convective heat transfer coefficient on the surface of the T/R device and PCB by calculating the Rayleigh number (Eq [ 1 ]) assuming the T/R module as a flat plate. where g is the gravitational acceleration, β is the thermal expansion coefficient of air, υ is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of air, L is the length of the T/R device (2–7 mm), and Pr is the Prandtl number of the air.…”

“…The radar beam is formed as the sum of T/R module outputs [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. As beam scanning is performed after adjusting the phase and size of each module, high output is required for each T/R module.…”

Design and Implementation of High-Efficiency X-Band Transmit/Receive Block for Scalable Active Electronically Scanned Array Antenna

“…기존 기계식 레이다 또는 PESA(passive electronically scanned array) 수동 위상배열 레이다는 한 개의 고출력 송 신기에서 복사소자로 신호 전달 과정에서 손실이 크고, 송신기의 고장시 시스템 전체의 운용이 제한된다. 그러나 AESA 레이다는 수백개에서 수천개에 이르는 송수신 모 듈을 가지고 있어서 손실이 작고, 몇몇 모듈이 고장이 나 도 시스템 전체로는 약간의 성능 저하(graceful degradation)를 가지는 장점이 있다 [2], [3] .…”

“…         (1) where   : 1(m: 짝수), 0(m: 홀수) 표 5. 고속스위칭 회로 적용 여부에 따른 상대 duty Relative duty due to application of high-speed switching circuit (2)…”

Evaluate the Cooling Performance of Transmit/Receive Module Cooling System in Active Electronically Scanned Array Radar

“…An AESA radar is composed of many transmit/receive (T/R) modules, and a phased array radar beam consists of the sum of the T/R module outputs [1][2][3]. Because beam scanning is performed by adjusting the phase and size of each module, T/R modules with high outputs are required.…”