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BackgroundMyocardial iron overload can lead to myocardial dysfunction, muscle cell injury, and end‐stage heart failure. The enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio and technical advancements have made 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) more accessible in clinical settings. However, 3 T assessments for early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload are scarce.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of myocardial iron quantification using 3 T MRI in a rabbit model of iron overload.Study TypeAnimal model.Animal ModelOverall, 40 male New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into control (N = 8; no treatment) and experimental (N = 32; weekly 200 mg/kg iron dextran injections) groups.Sequence3 T MRI with multi‐echo gradient echo (ME–GRE) T2* sequence.AssessmentEach week, two experimental rabbits were randomly selected for blood collection to determine serum iron (SI) levels; their tissue was harvested to assess myocardial and hepatic iron deposition.Statistical TestsSpearman's rank correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlations among R2*, cardiac iron concentration (CIC), liver iron concentration (LIC), total amount of iron injected, and SI levels. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe myocardial T2* value in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. An excellent correlation was observed between R2* values and CIC (r = 0.854). CIC moderately correlated with LIC (r = 0.712) and the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.698). A strong correlation was observed between the total amount of iron injected and LIC (r = 0.866). SI levels poorly correlated with the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.205, P = 0.277) and LIC (r = 0.170, P = 0.370) but fairly correlated with CIC (r = 0.415, P = 0.022).Data ConclusionA 3 T MRI with an ME–GRE sequence may serve as a noninvasive method for evaluating cardiac iron content.Evidence LevelN/ATechnical EfficacyStage 1
BackgroundMyocardial iron overload can lead to myocardial dysfunction, muscle cell injury, and end‐stage heart failure. The enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio and technical advancements have made 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) more accessible in clinical settings. However, 3 T assessments for early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload are scarce.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of myocardial iron quantification using 3 T MRI in a rabbit model of iron overload.Study TypeAnimal model.Animal ModelOverall, 40 male New Zealand white rabbits were categorized into control (N = 8; no treatment) and experimental (N = 32; weekly 200 mg/kg iron dextran injections) groups.Sequence3 T MRI with multi‐echo gradient echo (ME–GRE) T2* sequence.AssessmentEach week, two experimental rabbits were randomly selected for blood collection to determine serum iron (SI) levels; their tissue was harvested to assess myocardial and hepatic iron deposition.Statistical TestsSpearman's rank correlation tests were used to evaluate the correlations among R2*, cardiac iron concentration (CIC), liver iron concentration (LIC), total amount of iron injected, and SI levels. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe myocardial T2* value in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. An excellent correlation was observed between R2* values and CIC (r = 0.854). CIC moderately correlated with LIC (r = 0.712) and the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.698). A strong correlation was observed between the total amount of iron injected and LIC (r = 0.866). SI levels poorly correlated with the total amount of iron injected (r = 0.205, P = 0.277) and LIC (r = 0.170, P = 0.370) but fairly correlated with CIC (r = 0.415, P = 0.022).Data ConclusionA 3 T MRI with an ME–GRE sequence may serve as a noninvasive method for evaluating cardiac iron content.Evidence LevelN/ATechnical EfficacyStage 1
BackgroundThe risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) is typically assessed using D'Amico score. However, iron and fat content in PCa are closely related to tumor cell proliferation and the risk of BCR may be estimated using multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).PurposeTo noninvasively estimate fat and iron content in PCa and to evaluate their utility in enhancing D'Amico scores for predicting BCR in PCa patients.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsForty‐eight male patients in the BCR group (age 71.31 ± 5.74 years) and 27 male patients in the non‐BCR group (age 70.3 ± 6.04 years).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, Turbo‐spin echo T2‐weighted imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging, Gradient echo Q‐Dixon sequence.AssessmentThe mean fat fraction (FF) and T2* values of lesions were extracted from the FF map and the T2* map. Additionally, prostate volume, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, periprostatic fat thickness (PPFT), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), blood lipid content, pre‐ and post‐operative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values were collected.Statistical TestsStepwise‐COX regression analysis was employed to identify the significant predictors of BCR, which led to the construction of an improvement‐adjusted (IA) model. Then the IA model as well as the D'Amico score were evaluated using C‐index and time‐dependent AUC, decision‐curve analysis, and Kaplan–Meier curve. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in PSA, D'Amico score, ISUP grade, T2*, FF, and ADC values of the lesions in the BCR group compared with the non‐BCR group. Mean T2*, FF, and ADC values of the lesions were screened to construct the IA model incorporated into the D'Amico score (IA Model: C‐index = 0.749; AUC = 0.812; D'Amico score: C‐index = 0.672; AUC = 0.723).Data ConclusionThis study demonstrated that mpMRI can quantitatively estimate fat and iron within PCa lesions. By integrating ADC, FF, and T2* values into the D'Amico score, the preoperative‐risk assessment for BCR can be improved.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
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