T2 mapping MRI technique quantifies carotid plaque lipid, and its depletion after statin initiation, following acute myocardial infarction

Alkhalil, Mohammad; Biasiolli, Luca; Akbar, Naveed; Galassi, Francesca; Chai, Joshua T; Robson, Matthew D; Choudhury, Robin P.

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.033

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…To independently support the clinical relevance of the inverse relationship between Wnt signaling and disease severity, we next examined whether the Wnt pathway is associated with atherosclerosis resolution in humans. A recently described cohort of statin-naïve patients that were treated with high dose atorvastatin following presentation with an acute coronary syndrome 34 was used. Using advanced imaging techniques, the authors evaluated carotid artery plaque volume at presentation and 3-months later.…”

Section: Macrophage Wnt Signaling Is Associated With Disease Resolutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

Weinstock

Rahman

Yaacov

et al. 2021

eLife

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Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. We investigated the roles of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, the classical activators of STAT6, in the resolution of atherosclerosis inflammation. Using Il4-/-Il13-/- mice, resolution was impaired, and in control mice, in both progressing and resolving plaques, levels of IL-4 were stably low, and IL-13 was undetectable. This suggested that IL-4 is required for atherosclerosis resolution, but collaborates with other factors. We had observed increased Wnt signaling in macrophages in resolving plaques, and human genetic data from others showed that a loss-of-function Wnt mutation was associated with premature atherosclerosis. We now find an inverse association between activation of Wnt signaling and disease severity in mice and humans. Wnt enhanced the expression of inflammation resolving factors after treatment with plaque-relevant low concentrations of IL-4. Mechanistically, activation of the Wnt pathway following lipid lowering potentiates IL-4 responsiveness in macrophages via a PGE2/STAT3 axis.

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Section: Macrophage Wnt Signaling Is Associated With Disease Resolutimentioning

confidence: 99%

Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

Weinstock

Rahman

Yaacov

et al. 2021

eLife

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“…Nonetheless, a significant improvement has been reported with more experience in using T2 mapping. [ 11 20 23 ] Moreover, ongoing work using motion correction strategies is promising which would allow this technique to fulfill its clinical potentials. [ 41 ]…”

Section: T2 Mapping Validation and Plaque Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the ability of T2 mapping to quantify carotid lipid content without the need to prescreen patients for established carotid atherosclerosis unlocks the concept of staging atherosclerosis disease. [ 11 21 22 ] It would enable us to determine the extent and distribution of carotid plaque lipid content in patients presenting with coronary events. Thus, it would establish whether some patients have the propensity to develop lipid-rich plaques at multivascular sites.…”

Section: The Clinical Utility Of T2 Mapping In the Management Of Caromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 10 ] Finally, targeting lipoprotein-related risk, in particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), using statin has been associated with carotid atherosclerosis regression. [ 11 12 ] This was translated into reduction of the incidence of strokes and cardiovascular events, with recent data suggesting better outcomes with more aggressive control of LDL-c (<70 mg/dl). [ 13 14 ] Moreover, nonstatin drugs, such as niacin, were shown to cause a significant reduction in carotid atherosclerosis over 1 year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A promising tool to tackle the risk of cerebral vascular disease, the emergence of novel carotid wall imaging

Alkhalil

2020

Brain Circ

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Stroke is a heterogeneous vascular disease. Carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with almost one-quarter of ischemic strokes. Moreover, a large percentage of preventable strokes are currently attributed to carotid atherosclerosis. Over the past three decades, the management of carotid artery disease has evolved. The benefits of carotid revascularization alongside medical therapy have early been recognized. Nonetheless, the debate regarding the optimal strategy is still ongoing, particularly in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease. One of the challenges is the use of luminal stenosis to quantify the severity of the carotid artery disease and to guide decision-making regarding invasive revascularization. Characterizing carotid atherosclerotic plaque is a promising tool to identify vulnerable plaque. Certain features such as large lipid core have already been linked to acute vascular events, not only at the plaque level but also to predict systemic cardiovascular events. Recently, a quantitative T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging technique was developed and validated against histology. The ability to accurately quantify plaque lipid content using this technique opens several new opportunities. In this review articles, we will discuss the current challenges in the management of carotid artery disease and the future roles of T2 mapping to aid therapeutic options. These roles may include how to determine the mode of invasive carotid revascularization in symptomatic patients. Moreover, there may be a rational to use T2 mapping as a risk stratification tool in asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis. It may also provide an opportunity to stage atherosclerosis and identify patients with coronary atherosclerosis who may benefit maximally from intensive lipid interventions.

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“…MRI of the carotid arteries can detect atherosclerotic plaques at risk of rupturing and causing acute ischemic stroke . Multi‐contrast methods have been used for this purpose; more recently, quantitative T 2 mapping with a multi‐echo spin echo (MESE) sequence has emerged as a promising technique . However, segmented sequences generally have high sensitivity to movement of the neck, including unavoidable breathing, arterial pulsation, swallowing, and coughing, in addition to drift (e.g., muscle relaxation or cushion compression) and other bulk motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigator‐based reacquisition and estimation of motion‐corrupted data: Application to multi‐echo spin echo for carotid wall MRI

Frost

Biasiolli

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To assess whether artifacts in multi‐slice multi‐echo spin echo neck imaging, thought to be caused by brief motion events such as swallowing, can be corrected by reacquiring corrupted central k‐space data and estimating the remainder with parallel imaging. Methods A single phase‐encode line (ky = 0, phase‐encode direction anteroposterior) navigator echo was used to identify motion‐corrupted data and guide the online reacquisition. If motion corruption was detected in the 7 central k‐space lines, they were replaced with reacquired data. Subsequently, GRAPPA reconstruction was trained on the updated central portion of k‐space and then used to estimate the remaining motion‐corrupted k‐space data from surrounding uncorrupted data. Similar compressed sensing‐based approaches have been used previously to compensate for respiration in cardiac imaging. The g‐factor noise amplification was calculated for the parallel imaging reconstruction of data acquired with a 10‐channel neck coil. The method was assessed in scans with 9 volunteers and 12 patients. Results The g‐factor analysis showed that GRAPPA reconstruction of 2 adjacent motion‐corrupted lines causes high noise amplification; therefore, the number of 2‐line estimations should be limited. In volunteer scans, median ghosting reduction of 24% was achieved with 2 adjacent motion‐corrupted lines correction, and image quality was improved in 2 patient scans that had motion corruption close to the center of k‐space. Conclusion Motion‐corrupted echo‐trains can be identified with a navigator echo. Combined reacquisition and parallel imaging estimation reduced motion artifacts in multi‐slice MESE when there were brief motion events, especially when motion corruption was close to the center of k‐space.

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T2 mapping MRI technique quantifies carotid plaque lipid, and its depletion after statin initiation, following acute myocardial infarction

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

Wnt signaling enhances macrophage responses to IL-4 and promotes resolution of atherosclerosis

A promising tool to tackle the risk of cerebral vascular disease, the emergence of novel carotid wall imaging

Navigator‐based reacquisition and estimation of motion‐corrupted data: Application to multi‐echo spin echo for carotid wall MRI

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