T60. ADHD and the Cortex: Evidence From Large Clinical and Population Based Samples

Hoogman, Martine; Muetzel, Ryan L.; Shumskaya, Elena; Guimarães, João P.O.F.T.; Boedhoe, Premika S.W.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Thompson, Paul M.; Faraone, S.V.; Shaw, Philip; Tiemeier, Henning; Bralten, Janita; Franke, Barbara

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.396

Cited by 25 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Of note, the direction of the currently observed effect is also in agreement with the outcomes of another brain age estimation study reporting younger brain ages in children with ADHD compared to controls (28), albeit the effect in that study was not significant. In contrast, the findings of the current study as well as most other existing findings (1)(2)(3)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) seem to disagree with the outcomes of yet another brain age study, which revealed older brain ages in participants with ADHD (29), albeit effects were not significant either. Given the conflicting findings as well as the limited number of brain age studies overall, further research is clearly necessary.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 5% of all children and adolescents worldwide, with a higher incidence in males compared to females (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). ADHD has been widely reported to be associated with smaller global, regional, and local brain measures, both on the cortical and subcortical level and with respect to both gray matter and white matter (1)(2)(3)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Importantly, such effects were not only reported in classic analyses of data obtained on a single site, but also in metaand mega-analytic analyses in very large samples from multiple sites (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADHD has been widely reported to be associated with smaller global, regional, and local brain measures, both on the cortical and subcortical level and with respect to both gray matter and white matter (1)(2)(3)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Importantly, such effects were not only reported in classic analyses of data obtained on a single site, but also in metaand mega-analytic analyses in very large samples from multiple sites (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Moreover, there is evidence from longitudinal studies for lagging trajectories of brain development in ADHD (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2022

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating disorder with apparent roots in abnormal brain development. Here, we quantified the level of individual brain maturation in children with ADHD using structural neuroimaging and a recently developed machine learning algorithm. More specifically, we compared the BrainAGE index between three groups matched for chronological age (mean ± SD: 11.86 ± 3.25 years): 89 children diagnosed with ADHD, 34 asymptomatic siblings of those children with ADHD, and 21 unrelated healthy control children. Brains of children with ADHD were estimated significantly younger (−0.85 years) than brains of healthy controls (Cohen’s d = −0.33; p = 0.028, one-tailed), while there were no significant differences between unaffected siblings and healthy controls. In addition, more severe ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with younger appearing brains. Altogether, these results are in line with the proposed delay of individual brain maturation in children with ADHD. However, given the relatively small sample size (N = 144), the findings should be considered preliminary and need to be confirmed in future studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2022

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“…This has led to a recalibration of the scale of ADHD‐related brain alterations with reliable but smaller effects found than previously reported (Cohen's d < 0.20). In childhood, ENIGMA has detected smaller total intracranial volume, total cortical surface area, and volumes of subcortical nuclei, including amygdala and hippocampus, along with long implicated striatal regions (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens; Hoogman et al., 2017, 2019). No effects were seen in adult samples.…”

Section: Brainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science – from characterization to cause

Sonuga‐Barke

Becker

Bölte

et al. 2022

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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The science of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is motivated by a translational goal – the discovery and exploitation of knowledge about the nature of ADHD to the benefit of those individuals whose lives it affects. Over the past fifty years, scientific research has made enormous strides in characterizing the ADHD condition and in understanding its correlates and causes. However, the translation of these scientific insights into clinical benefits has been limited. In this review, we provide a selective and focused survey of the scientific field of ADHD, providing our personal perspectives on what constitutes the scientific consensus, important new leads to be highlighted, and the key outstanding questions to be addressed going forward. We cover two broad domains – clinical characterization and, risk factors, causal processes and neuro‐biological pathways. Part one focuses on the developmental course of ADHD, co‐occurring characteristics and conditions, and the functional impact of living with ADHD – including impairment, quality of life, and stigma. In part two, we explore genetic and environmental influences and putative mediating brain processes. In the final section, we reflect on the future of the ADHD construct in the light of cross‐cutting scientific themes and recent conceptual reformulations that cast ADHD traits as part of a broader spectrum of neurodivergence.

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“…1 Cases are defined as individuals with a diagnosis of the following conditions: schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, or by the presence of symptoms of psychopathology as assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist in a large community-based sample of children (the ABCD Study). (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Individual cohorts obtained institutional ethics approval, and informed consent was obtained from study participants or guardians.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

Patel

Shin

Abé

et al. 2022

Biological Psychiatry

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T60. ADHD and the Cortex: Evidence From Large Clinical and Population Based Samples

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Annual Research Review: Perspectives on progress in ADHD science – from characterization to cause

Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness

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