TA-CLOCK: Tendency-Aware Page Replacement Policy for Hybrid Main Memory in High-Performance Embedded Systems

Abstract

Recently, high-performance embedded systems have adopted phase change memory (PCM) as their main memory because PCMs have attractive advantages, such as non-volatility, byte-addressability, high density, and low power consumption. However, PCMs have disadvantages, such as limited write endurance in each cell and high write latency compared to DRAMs. Therefore, researchers have investigated methods for enhancing the limitations of PCMs. In this paper, we propose a page replacement policy called tendency-aware CLOCK (TA-CLOCK) for the hybrid main memory of embedded systems. To improve the limited write endurance of PCMs, TA-CLOCK classifies the page access tendency of the victim page through access pattern analysis and determines the migration location of the victim page. Through the classification of the page access tendency, TA-CLOCK reduces unnecessary page migrations from DRAMs to PCMs. Unnecessary migrations cause an increase in write operations in PCMs and the energy consumption of the hybrid main memory in embedded systems. Thus, our proposed policy improves the limited write endurance of PCMs and enhances the access latency of the hybrid main memory of embedded systems by classifying the page access tendency. We compared the TA-CLOCK with existing page replacement policies to evaluate its performance. In our experiments, TA-CLOCK reduced the number of write operations in PCMs by 71.5% on average, and it enhanced the energy delay product by 38.3% on average compared with other page replacement policies.

A Dynamic Multitarget Detection Algorithm in front of Vehicle Based on Embedded System and Internet of Things

“…According to the proposed model, the focus is on real-time detection [15]. e single-stage detection method introduces a novel concept: the dynamic multitarget image in front of the vehicle is transformed into network output [16] by returning the category of bounding box position in the output layer [17] and transforming multitarget detection problem to regression problem by improving the detection speed [18][19][20]. e image edge is reduced to half size and the area is reduced to 1/4 of its original size.…”