TAAC - TMS Adaptable Auditory Control: A universal tool to mask TMS clicks

Russo, Simone; Sarasso, Simone; Puglisi, Giuseppina Emma; Palù, Doriana Dal; Pigorini, Andrea; Casarotto, Silvia; D’Ambrosio, Sasha; Astolfi, Arianna; Massimini, Marcello; Rosanova, Mario; Fecchio, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109491

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…During TMS–EEG data acquisition, subjects were instructed to be relaxed, avoid swallowing, keep their sight fixated to a point, and when needed, blink preferably about 1 s after the pulses. To minimize the auditory responses evoked by the click sound of the TMS pulse, subjects were presented via earbuds auditory masking that contained white noise and randomly jittering click noise from a recorded coil click [ 37 ] ( https://github.com/iTCf/TAAC ). Subjects wore earmuffs to additionally attenuate the TMS click.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…TMS was delivered to the left hemisphere, contralateral to the responding (right) hand. Participants wore earphones for the entire duration of the experiment, listening to white noise interspersed with sounds of TMS stimulation, generated by the MATLAB script TMSNOISE (Russo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans while choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS study

Tagliaferri

Giampiccolo

Parmigiani

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predictive and reactive behaviors represent two mutually exclusive strategies for successfully completing a sensorimotor task. It is thought that predictive actions are based on the medial premotor system, in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and reactive stimulus-response behaviors rely on a lateral premotor system, in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The frontal aslant tract (FAT), a white matter tract connecting SFG and IFG, is a possible neural substrate of the predictive/reactive interactions. We used diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of 17 male and female healthy human volunteers, to dissect 3 sub-bundles of fibers belonging to the left FAT (bundles 1, 2 and 3), arising ventrally from 1) the ventral precentral gyrus, 2) midway between the PCG and pars opercularis (POp) and 3) the POp and terminating dorsally in 3 different parts of the SFG, in a caudal-rostral order. We applied online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to 6 spots, corresponding to the medial and lateral terminations of bundles 1-3 during the fixed-duration set period of a delayed reaction task, that can be solved using a predictive (anticipatory) strategy or with a reactive strategy. Results showed that TMS changed the frequency of predictive/reactive strategies only when applied over 2 spots, the SFG and IFG terminations of bundle 2. Importantly, the effects of TMS were opposite when applied to the SFG or to the IFG. Our data show that the SFG and the IFG have opposite roles in producing predictive or reactive behavior and that reciprocal integration or competition is probably mediated by the FAT.Significance StatementAs is well-known by athletes at starting blocks, interaction with the world can occur with a predictive strategy (anticipating a GO-signal) or a reactive strategy (waiting for the GO-signal to be manifest) and they are mutually exclusive. Here we showed, by using non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS), that two specific cortical regions in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) have opposite roles in facilitating a predictive or a reactive strategy. Importantly these two very distant regions but with highly interconnected functions are specifically connected by a small white matter bundle, which probably mediates the competition between predictive and reactive strategies. More generally, we show that the implementing anatomical connectivity in TMS studies strongly reduces spatial noise.

show abstract

“…In addition, subjects listened to a masking noise created from an original recording of the TMS click to further reduce possible auditory artifacts [38].…”

Section: Eeg Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of GABA_AR-mediated inhibition in the human brain using TMS-evoked potentials

Sulcova¹,

Salatino

Ivanoiu³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

GABAA receptor (GABAAR) - mediated inhibition participates in the control of cortical excitability, and its impairment likely contributes to the pathologic excitability changes that have been associated with multiple neurological disorders. Therefore, there is a need for its direct evaluation in the human brain, and the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) might represent the optimal tool. TMS-evoked brain potentials (TEPs) capture the spread of activity across the stimulated brain network, and since this process at least partially depends on the GABAAR-mediated inhibition, TEPs may constitute relevant biomarkers of local GABAAergic function. Here, we aimed to assess the effect of GABAARs activation using TEPs, and to identify TEP components that are sensitive to the state of GABAAergic inhibition. In 20 healthy subjects, we recorded TEPs evoked by sub- and supra-threshold stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and resting-state EEG (RS-EEG). GABAARs were activated (1) pharmacologically by oral administration of alprazolam compared to placebo within each subject, and (2) physiologically using a sub-threshold conditioning stimulus to characterize the effect of short-latency intracortical inhibition (SICI). In supra-threshold TEPs, alprazolam suppressed the amplitude of components N17, N100 and P180, and increased component N45. The pharmacological modulation of N17 correlated with the change observed in MEPs and with the alprazolam-induced increase of lower β-band RS-EEG. Only a reduction of N100 and P180 was found in sub-threshold TEPs. TEP SICI manifested as a reduction of N17, P60 and N100, and its effect on N17 correlated with the alprazolam-induced N17 suppression and β increase. Our results indicate that N17 of supra-threshold TEPs could serve as a non-invasive biomarker of local cortical excitability reflecting the state of GABAAR-mediated inhibition in the sensorimotor network. Furthermore, the alprazolam-induced increase of β-band oscillations possibly corresponds to the increased inhibitory neurotransmission within this network.

show abstract

TAAC - TMS Adaptable Auditory Control: A universal tool to mask TMS clicks

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans while choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS study

Evaluation of GABA_AR-mediated inhibition in the human brain using TMS-evoked potentials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

TAAC - TMS Adaptable Auditory Control: A universal tool to mask TMS clicks

Cited by 70 publications

References 14 publications

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

Closed-loop optimization of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography feedback

Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) explains local functional specialization of the superior and inferior frontal gyri in humans while choosing predictive over reactive strategies: a tractography-guided TMS study

Evaluation of GABAAR-mediated inhibition in the human brain using TMS-evoked potentials

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Evaluation of GABA_AR-mediated inhibition in the human brain using TMS-evoked potentials