“…To better understand why some students complete a MOOC while others do not, an understanding of student engagement, particularly in online courses, is helpful. Drawing from different studies, Trowler (2010) defines student engagement as a degree of participation in education-related activities that happen in and out of the classroom that is closely related to intended and measurable learning outcomes (Hu & Kuh, 2001;Krause & Coates, 2008;Kuh et al, 2007). According to Trowler, student engagement is an outcome of complex interactions, namely, 'the interaction between the time, effort and other relevant resources' (p. 2) that can be acquired through the investments of students and their educational institutions.…”