Tables for the Friedman rank test

Martin, Louise; Leblanc, Raymond; Toan, Nguyen Ky

doi:10.2307/3315656

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Note that the critical value χ c is the smallest empirical value χ c such that P (χ 2 F > χ c ) ≤ α [39] and the p-value is defined as p = P (χ 2 F > χ c ). Therefore, the null hypothesis must be rejected, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Detection of Arrhythmia Episodes in Dialysis Patients

Gomes¹,

Filho²,

Henriques³

et al. 2022

Learn. Nonlin. Mod.

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This work discusses the design of an automatic detector of arrhythmia episodes in patients submitted to dialysis. The system aims to operate on portable devices in real-time, allowing a faster response of healthcare workers to possible intercurrence episodes. The detection is based on processing short windows of samples extracted from the electrocardiogram signal around the R-wave peak in raw format. A comprehensive study evaluating several classification techniques and class-imbalance strategies is conducted based on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. Besides, a new procedure for tuning the sample window length based on an experimental feature importance cumulative distribution is proposed. Results show that a Random Forest classifier, trained with minority class oversampling, is cost-effective regarding complexity and computational cost, achieving an accuracy of 98.7% for windows sizes as small as 105 samples.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent Detection of Arrhythmia Episodes in Dialysis Patients

Gomes¹,

Filho²,

Henriques³

et al. 2022

Learn. Nonlin. Mod.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of the small number of datasets, the Friedman rank test [29] is used to analyze and compare the results obtained. A Bonferroni-Dunn test is performed to reveal the differences that exist when the Friedman rank test rejects the null-hypothesis.…”

Section: Analysis Of Numerical Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and behavior study of a grammar-guided genetic programming algorithm for mining association rules

2011

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This paper presents a proposal for the extraction of association rules called G3PARM (Grammar-Guided Genetic Programming for Association Rule Mining) that makes the knowledge extracted more expressive and flexible. This algorithm allows a context-free grammar to be adapted and applied to each specific problem or domain and eliminates the problems raised by discretization. This proposal keeps the best individuals (those that exceed a certain threshold of support and confidence) obtained with the passing of generations in an auxiliary population of fixed size n. G3PARM obtains solutions within specified time limits and does not require the large amounts of memory that the exhaustive search algorithms in the field of association rules do. Our approach is compared to exhaustive search (Apriori and FP-Growth) and genetic (QuantMiner and ARMGA) algorithms for mining association rules and performs an analysis of the mined rules. Finally, a series of experiments serve to contrast the scalability of our algorithm. The proposal obtains a small set of rules with high support and confidence, over 90 and 99% respectively. Moreover, the resulting set of rules closely satisfies all the dataset instances. These results illustrate that our proposal is highly promising for the discovery of association rules in different types of datasets.

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“…Choosing between two tests was described above (see first two experimental designs). If Freidman's test is chosen and there are only three animals in the group ( n = 3), the number of repeated measurements per animal should be more than four ( k > 4) in order for the total number of sample size to be more than 14 ( N > 14) (Martin et al . 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Repeated measurements and pseudo‐replication in captive studies

Verbitsky¹

2011

Marine Mammal Science

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Recently, Schmitt et al. (2010) reported an interesting experiment designed in order to test hypotheses that stress-related hormones (plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and aldosterone): (1) follow a diurnal rhythm pattern, (2) become elevated with out-of-water physical examination, (3) are not elevated during or following periods of wading human contact, and (4) plasma ACTH is a more labile and sensitive indicator of stress response-related changes than cortisol in three adult beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas. In particular, the authors described three experiments in which the parameters were collected in a repeated-measurements design. In the first experiment, three times per day for 5 d; in the second experiment, two times per day for 5 d; and in the third experiment, five times during 24 h. The authors used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for comparison as if the experimental groups were independent.It is well known that observations may not be independent if repeated measurements are taken on the same subject. Therefore, the results of Schmitt et al. (2010) are compromised by a classical case of temporal pseudo-replication. The term pseudoreplication was coined by Hurlbert (1984), which he defined as ". . .a particular combination of experimental design (or sampling) and statistical analysis which is inappropriate for testing the hypothesis of interest." Pseudo-replication typically occurs when the number of observations or the number of data points is treated inappropriately as independent replicates. A correct statistical analysis for data from the paper of Schmitt et al. (2010) can be performed by using two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) with two within-subject variables for the first and second experiments, if normal distribution and identity matrix are satisfied. If these two assumptions are not met, Friedman's test for two-way ANOVA by ranks should be used. For the third experiment, one-way RMANOVA or Freidman's test in oneway application can be used. Choosing between two tests was described above (see

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Tables for the Friedman rank test

Cited by 28 publications

References 1 publication

Intelligent Detection of Arrhythmia Episodes in Dialysis Patients

Intelligent Detection of Arrhythmia Episodes in Dialysis Patients

Design and behavior study of a grammar-guided genetic programming algorithm for mining association rules

Repeated measurements and pseudo‐replication in captive studies

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