Tachykinins in regulation of gastric motility and secretion

Abstract

The tachykinins constitute a family of neu-receptors are generally present on the musculature, NK-1 receptors on both neurons and muscles, and NK-3 ropeptides with a common C-terminal amino acid sereceptors on neurons only. Tachykinins stimulate motilquence. The best known tachykinin is substance P. Tachykinins are found in the nerve plexuses and nerve ity in all parts of the stomach, but tachykinins also fibers in the stomach of all species examined. The circu-appear to inhibit motility in certain situations. Also, motility initiated centrally, mediated through the vagus lar muscle layer is densely innervated, whereas the lonnerves, is influenced by tachykinins. The precise role of gitudinal layer and the mucosa are less intensively tachykinin in the various motor programs in the stominnervated. Tachykinins are also found in a significant number of afferent neurons with cell bodies in the ach is not clear. Gastric acid secretion is influenced by dorsal root ganglia. Release of tachykinin can be tachykinins in several species. Tachykinins do not seem to act as neurotransmitters directly on parietal cells, but demonstrated in response to both electrical stimulation may have a modulatory function. The importance of of the vagus nerves and application of capsaicin. In the stomach all three known tachykinin receptors seem to tachykinins for the regulation of pepsinogen and horbe present. Although species variations exist, NK-2 mone secretion from the stomach remains unclear.

Dai-kenchu-to Raises Levels of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P in Human Plasma

“…24,25) Therefore substance P may not only play a role in the mediation of peristaltic contractions, but also a pathophysiologic role in the increased blood flow in the small intestine. 8) However, since there are no findings that the increase in intestinal blood flow by DKCT is related to substance P and that it participates in the physiologic regulation of mucosal blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract, further studies are needed.…”

“…6) Substance P is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and in the enteroendocrine cells of the gut 7) and it participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and blood flow. 8) Recently, it has been reported that DKCT increases intestinal blood flow, which is mainly mediated by CGRP, in rats. 9) However, the effects of DKCT on plasma CGRP and substance P levels in humans have not been described previously.…”

Effects of cinacalcet on gastrointestinal hormone release in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis

“…Substance P participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion [14][15][16]. It also has an emetic action at the central nervous system [17].…”

Comparison of the Effects of Cetraxate and its Major Metabolite on Human Plasma Gastrin, Somatostatin, Calcitonine Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P in Human Plasma

“…10) Substance P is widely distributed in the central and peripheral divisions of the nervous system and in the enteroendocrine cells of gut, 11) and it participates in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretion. 12) We reported that single administration of cetraxate caused significant increases in plasma CGRP and substance P levels. 13) Cetraxate is absorbed from stomach and intestine, and by esterase, rapidly metabolized to tranexamic acid and 3-(phydroxyphenyl)propionic acid in plasma (Fig.…”