TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to activate wheat defense responses to stripe rust

Abstract

Summary Calcineurin B‐like interacting protein kinase (CIPKs) has been shown to be required for biotic stress tolerance of plants in plant‐pathogen interactions. However, the roles of CIPKs in immune signalling of cereal crops and an in‐depth knowledge of substrates of CIPKs in response to biotic stress are under debate. In this study, we identified and cloned a CIPK homologue gene TaCIPK10 from wheat. TaCIPK10 was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp . tritici ( Pst ) inoculation and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. In vitro phosphorylation assay demonstrated that the kinase activity of TaCIPK10 is regulated by Ca 2+ and TaCBL4. Knockdown TaCIPK10 significantly reduced wheat resistance to Pst , whereas TaCIPK10 overexpression resulted in enhanced wheat resistance to Pst by the induction of defense response in different aspects, including hypersensitive cell death, ROS accumulation and pathogenesis‐relative genes expression. Moreover, TaCIPK10 physically interacted with and phosphorylated TaNH2, which was homologous to AtNPR3/4. Silencing of TaNH2 in wheat resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the avirulent Pst race, CYR23, indicating its positive role in wheat resistance. Our results demonstrate that TaCIPK10 positively regulate wheat resistance to Pst as molecular links between of Ca 2+ and downstream components of defense response and TaCIPK10 interacts with and phosphorylates TaNH2 to regulate wheat resistance to Pst .

A large‐scale genomic association analysis identifies the candidate causal genes conferring stripe rust resistance under multiple field environments

“…This method greatly reduced the computing workload for haplotype analysis. A similar result reported recently detailed how an initial extensive 25‐Mb candidate region on chromosome 3D was ultimately narrowed down to a 1‐Mb region using a validation population (Liu et al ., 2019). Here, analysis of different haplotypes and phenotypes of over 1500 wheat accessions, including those from a natural population as well as breeding lines, facilitated identification of favourable allele core sequences.…”

“…Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from AvS and XZ9104 samples were performed following Liu et al . (2019). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) primer sequences for the twelve candidate genes in the 612.9 kb region are provided in Table S12.…”

“…Expression data (transcripts per million, TPM) for the potential causal genes from previously mapped RNA-seq samples were downloaded from the Triticeae Multi-omics Center website (http://202.194.139.32/) (Ram ırez-Gonz alez et al, 2018). Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from AvS and XZ9104 samples were performed following Liu et al (2019). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) primer sequences for the twelve candidate genes in the 612.9 kb region are provided in Table S12.…”

TaAP2-15, An AP2/ERF Transcription Factor, Is Positively Involved in Wheat Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

“…Genomic DNA was extracted by the CTAB method from Pst- inoculated leaves collected after 14 days. Fungal biomass was then quantified by qRT-PCR, and a standard curve was generated from the plasmid carrying the fragments of PsEF1 and TaEF1α [ 71 ]. The experiment was performed with three biological replications.…”

The CBL–CIPK Pathway in Plant Response to Stress Signals

“…Overexpression of wheat TaCIPK10 improves tolerance to Pst by hypersensitive cell death and ROS accumulation. TaNH2, a homolog of Arabidopsis NPR3/4, which is involved in salicylic acid (SA) signaling, combines with TaCIPK10 to participate in the defense response through interaction and phosphorylation [106]. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlCBL10 interacts with SlCIPK6 and regulates the kinase activity of SlCIPK6.…”