Tacking the vector of Xylella fastidiosa: geo-statistical analysis of long-term field observations on host plants influencing the distribution of Phylaenus spumarius nymphs

Latini, Arianna; Foxi, Cipriano; Borfecchia, Flavio; Lentini, Andrea; Cecco, L. De; Iantosca, Domenico; Serafini, Mauro; Laneri, U.; Citterio, Marco; Campiotti, Alessandro; Benelli, Giovanni; Mariani, Susanna

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3870-5

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…pauca (Saponari et al, 2014b;Cornara et al, 2017). Vector abundance is difficult to predict as their distribution is patchy (Morente et al, 2018), and female oviposition is not correlated with olive proximity (Latini et al, 2019). However, it has been shown that P. spumarius occurrence and abundance does increase with olive grove land cover, although evidence of other biotic and abiotic factors affecting insect populations is less well supported (Santoiemma et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the epidemiology of emerging Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in olives

et al. 2020

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Xylella fastidiosa is an important insect‐vectored bacterial plant pathogen with a wide host range, causing significant economic impact in the agricultural and horticultural industries. Once restricted to the Americas, severe European outbreaks have been discovered recently in Italy, Spain, France, and Portugal. The Italian outbreak, detected in Puglia in 2013, has spread over 100 km, killing millions of olive trees, and is still expanding. To date, quantified assessment of important epidemiological parameters useful for risk assessment and management, such as transmission rates, symptomless periods, and time to death in field populations, has been lacking. This is due to the emergent and novel nature of the outbreak and length of time needed to monitor the course of disease progression. To address this, we developed a Bayesian method to infer epidemiological parameters by fitting and comparing compartmental epidemiological models to short snapshots of disease progression observed in multiple field plots. We estimated that each infected tree with symptoms is able to infect around 19 trees per year (95% credible range 14–26). The symptomless stage was estimated to have low to negligible infectivity and to last an average of approximately 1.2 years (95% credible range 1.0–1.3 years). Tree desiccation was estimated to occur approximately 4.3 years (95% credible range 4.0–4.6 years) after symptom appearance. However, we were unable to estimate the infectiousness of desiccated trees from the data. Our method could be used to make early estimates of epidemiological parameters in other emerging disease outbreaks where symptom expression is slow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the epidemiology of emerging Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in olives

et al. 2020

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“…While RS and SEM approaches have been predominantly focused on Xf distribution, GIS studies mostly included Xf insect vectors, particularly P. spumarius [248,249]. Although methods to estimate abundance and the olive growth-related distribution of P. spumarius are based on a sweep net technique [250,251], new GIS approaches can be used to monitor Xf insect vectors at multiple time and spatial scales [248].…”

Section: Geographic Information Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

et al. 2020

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Biological invasions represent some of the most severe threats to local communities and ecosystems. Among invasive species, the vector-borne pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is responsible for a wide variety of plant diseases and has profound environmental, social and economic impacts. Once restricted to the Americas, it has recently invaded Europe, where multiple dramatic outbreaks have highlighted critical challenges for its management. Here, we review the most recent advances on the identification, distribution and management of X. fastidiosa and its insect vectors in Europe through genetic and spatial ecology methodologies. We underline the most important theoretical and technological gaps that remain to be bridged. Challenges and future research directions are discussed in the light of improving our understanding of this invasive species, its vectors and host–pathogen interactions. We highlight the need of including different, complimentary outlooks in integrated frameworks to substantially improve our knowledge on invasive processes and optimize resources allocation. We provide an overview of genetic, spatial ecology and integrated approaches that will aid successful and sustainable management of one of the most dangerous threats to European agriculture and ecosystems.

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“…Reducing juvenile populations by various ways (mechanical or chemical strategies) is therefore of paramount importance to reduce the density of potential vectors of the disease. However, the many non-host plant species identified recently in Italy, in areas where the bacterium is present, opens the possibility of using green barriers for limiting vector movement [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfoxaflor and Natural Pyrethrin with Piperonyl Butoxide Are Effective Alternatives to Neonicotinoids against Juveniles of Philaenus spumarius, the European Vector of Xylella fastidiosa

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Viñuela

Moreno

et al. 2019

Insects

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The threat imposed by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa to crops of utter importance to European agriculture such as olive, stone fruit and grapevine calls for immediate research against the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.), the main European vector. Management tools should consider reducing juveniles of vector populations growing on weeds or cover crops during spring as nymphs have limited movement and do not contribute to disease spread. We examined a wide range of insecticides with different modes of action against P. spumarius nymphs in laboratory and semi-field glasshouse conditions. Pyrethroids (delthamethrin and λ-cyhalothrin) and natural pyrethrin (Pirecris®) + piperonyl butoxide (PBO) efficacy surpassed 86% after 24 h of exposure, without significant differences in the PBO amount tested. The inclusion of PBO caused a 3-fold increase in the mortality of P. spumarius nymphs compared to pyrethrin alone. Sulfoxaflor (Closer®) exhibited similar efficacy at 48 and 72 h but it was slow acting and mortality only reached 60% at 24 h. The LC90 was 34 ppm at 72 h. Pymetrozine, spirotetramat, azadirachtin and kaolin were not effective against nymphs (mortality <33%) although in azadirachtin-treated plants, mortality had a 3-fold increase from 24 to 72 h. Our results will help decision-making policy bodies to set up a sustainable integrated pest management of P. spumarius in areas where X. fastidiosa becomes a problem.

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Tacking the vector of Xylella fastidiosa: geo-statistical analysis of long-term field observations on host plants influencing the distribution of Phylaenus spumarius nymphs

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Estimating the epidemiology of emerging Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in olives

Estimating the epidemiology of emerging Xylella fastidiosa outbreaks in olives

From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

Sulfoxaflor and Natural Pyrethrin with Piperonyl Butoxide Are Effective Alternatives to Neonicotinoids against Juveniles of Philaenus spumarius, the European Vector of Xylella fastidiosa

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