Tackling Cardiovascular Care Deserts in Romania: Expanding Population Access in Underserved Areas

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular deserts are areas that lack medical facilities, specialists and equipment to effectively diagnose, treat and manage cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Romania registers the highest incidence and the highest mortality due to CVDs in Europe. Population ageing is a significant concern, as it increases the risk of CVDs and the demand for specialised care. Although almost 50% of Romanians still live in rural areas, most medical resources are concentrated in a few large cities, leaving large parts of the country underserved. Methods: This study used the Application Programming Interface (API) Matrix service from Google Maps and open data sources to identify cardiovascular (CV) deserts. Results: This research indicates that over 64% of the Romanian population resides in areas lacking CV care, having to travel more than 60 km and over 30 min to reach the nearest facility that offers specialised treatment. Moreover, 14% live in areas affected by a high degree of cardiovascular desertification. These areas are primarily located in northeastern, southern and western Romania. They experience higher mortality rates from CVDs and an ageing population, along with a shortage of general physicians and a scarcity of cardiologists. Conclusions: The identified cardiovascular deserts in this study overlap mountainous regions, the Danube Delta and remote rural areas with poor transportation infrastructure. Implementing telemedicine or mobile healthcare services, involving community healthcare workers and policy support could be solutions to expand access to specialised care in cardiovascular deserts.