Tackling HIV through robust diagnostics in the developing world: current status and future opportunities

Desai, D. B.; Wu, Grace; Zaman, Muhammad H.

doi:10.1039/c0lc00340a

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…Only 10% of global healthcare research goes to developing countries, where 90% of the world's poorest populations live [4]. HIV stigmatization, discrimination, and inadequate education pose additional social challenges that are hindering countries from advancing in HIV prevention [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

Al-arydah¹,

Smith

2015

Journal of Applied Mathematics

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Recent mathematical modelling has advocated for rapid “test-and-treat” programs for HIV in the developing world, where HIV-positive individuals are identified and immediately begin a course of antiretroviral treatment, regardless of the length of time they have been infected. However, the foundations of this modelling ignored the effects of drug resistance on the epidemic. It also disregarded the heterogeneity of behaviour changes that may occur, as a result of education that some individuals may receive upon testing and treatment. We formulate an HIV/AIDS model to theoretically investigate how testing, educating HIV-positive cases, treatment, and drug resistance affect the HIV epidemic. We consider a variety of circumstances: both when education is included and not included, when testing and treatment are linked or are separate, when education is only partly effective, and when treatment leads to drug resistance. We show that education, if it is properly harnessed, can be a force strong enough to overcome the effects of antiretroviral drug resistance; however, in the absence of education, “test and treat” is likely to make the epidemic worse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

Al-arydah¹,

Smith

2015

Journal of Applied Mathematics

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“…These types of devices can easily be operated as the reagents/antibiotics are dry stored in the microchannels where samples are driven into the microchannels by directly placing devices into the sample fluids. Many such devices have been developed and reported for diagnostics applications [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Microfluidic Based Technologies For Antimicrobiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Review

Hassan

Zhang

2020

CAC

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Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes become resistant to antibiotics causing complications and limited treatment options. AMR is more significant where antibiotics use is excessive or abusive and the strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotic treatments. Current technologies for bacteria and its resistant strains identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are mostly central-lab based in hospitals, which normally take days to weeks to get results. These tools and procedures are expensive, laborious and skills based. There is an ever-increasing demand for developing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics tools for rapid and near patient AMR testing. Microfluidics, an important and fundamental technique to develop POC devices, has been utilized to tackle AMR in healthcare. This review mainly focuses on the current development in the field of microfluidics for rapid AMR testing. Method: Due to the limitations of conventional AMR techniques, microfluidic-based platforms have been developed for better understandings of bacterial resistance, smart AST and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing tools and development of new drugs. This review aims to summarize the recent development of AST and MIC testing tools in different formats of microfluidics technology. Results: Various microfluidics devices have been developed to combat AMR. Miniaturization and integration of different tools has been attempted to produce handheld or standalone devices for rapid AMR testing using different formats of microfluidics technology such as active microfluidics, droplet microfluidics, paper microfluidics and capillary-driven microfluidics. Conclusion: Current conventional AMR detection technologies provide time-consuming, costly, labor-intensive and central lab-based solutions, limiting their applications. Microfluidics has been developed for decades and the technology has emerged as a powerful tool for POC diagnostics of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare providing, simple, robust, cost-effective and portable diagnostics. The success has been reported in research articles; however, the potential of microfluidics technology in tackling AMR has not been fully achieved in clinical settings.

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“…Universal access to HIV diagnostics is stymied by the lack of trained technicians, patient motivation, and laboratory access especially in rural areas and the developing world. For instance, about 83% of HIV patients remain undiagnosed in Kenya ( 102 ) . Thus, a simple, inexpensive diagnostic tool for HIV would be readily welcomed.…”

Section: Viral Detection and Disease Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Microfluidics for Molecular Diagnostics

Jayamohan

Sant

Gale

2012

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Diagnostic assays implemented in microfluidic devices have developed rapidly over the past decade and are expected to become commonplace in the next few years. Hundreds of microfluidics-based approaches towards clinical diagnostics and pathogen detection have been reported with a general theme of rapid and customizable assays that are potentially cost-effective. This chapter reviews microfluidics in molecular diagnostics based on application areas with a concise review of microfluidics in general. Basic principles of microfabrication are briefly reviewed and the transition to polymer fabricated devices is discussed. Most current microfluidic diagnostic devices are designed to target a single disease, such as a given cancer or a variety of pathogens, and there will likely be a large market for these focused devices; however, the future of molecular diagnostics lies in highly multiplexed microfluidic devices that can screen for potentially hundreds of diseases simultaneously.

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Tackling HIV through robust diagnostics in the developing world: current status and future opportunities

Cited by 32 publications

References 65 publications

Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

Adding Education to “Test and Treat”: Can We Overcome Drug Resistance?

Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): A Review

Applications of Microfluidics for Molecular Diagnostics

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