tackling homophobia and heterosexism

Cripping sexualities: An analytic review of theoretical and empirical writing on the intersection of disabilities and sexualities

“…The sexualities of queer people with disabilities are often not taken seriously, as their queerness is seen as being just part of their development towards heterosexuality, or merely an expression of friendship (Kafer, ; Löfgren‐Mårtenson, ; Noonan & Gomez, ). Some queer disabled people are ridiculed, criticized, and even punished when they express their queer sexuality (Hodges & Parkes, ; Noonan & Gomez, ). For instance, Löfgren‐Mårtenson (, p. 23) found that “homosexual acts” between individuals with intellectual disabilities were sometimes “interpreted … as expressions of friendship, not sexual desire.” In other cases, queer sexualities, as Kim (, p. 486) notes, are “thought of as a last resort, an effect of confusion, or platonic, since disabled people are viewed as incapable of forming heterosexual bonds.” Disabled people are often seen as lacking sexual desire, or not being able to be sexually active, not being able to perform certain sexual practices and sexually satisfy others, which tends to lead to experiences of infantilization and invisibility (Fraley et al, ; O'Toole & Brown, ; Shuttleworth, ).…”

“…The sexualities of queer people with disabilities are often not taken seriously, as their queerness is seen as being just part of their development towards heterosexuality, or merely an expression of friendship (Kafer, 2003;Löfgren-Mårtenson, 2008;Noonan & Gomez, 2011). Some queer disabled people are ridiculed, criticized, and even punished when they express their queer sexuality (Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Noonan & Gomez, 2011). For instance, Löfgren-Mårtenson (2009, p. 23) found that "homosexual acts" between individuals with intellectual disabilities were sometimes "interpreted … as expressions of friendship, not sexual desire."…”

Embracing Diversity and Avoiding ACRASH by Calling Spades, Progressing Syntaxes, and Affirming Actions

“…Heterosexism involves the subordination of all queer, or non-heterosexual, identities or ways of being because of the discriminatory assumption that heterosexuality is more natural, normal, and moral and that everyone is or should be attracted to individuals of the opposite sex (Chesir-Teran, 2003;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Fish, 2008;Harris, 2009;Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Lance, 2002;Litovich & Langhout, 2004;Murphy, 2006;Pharr, 2004;Szymanski, 2005;Szymanski & Owens, 2008). Heterosexism is a formidable problem because it is oppressive (Fish, 2008;Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Szymanski, 2005), pervasive (Johnson, Carrico, Chesney, & Morin, 2008;Lyons, Fassinger, & Brenner, 2005;McDavitt, Iverson, Kubicek, Weiss, Wong & Kipke, 2008;Swim, Johnston, & Pearson, 2009;Szymanski, 2005;Szymanski, & Owens, 2008), and systematic (Chesir-Teran, 2003;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Fish, 2008;Harris, 2009;Lance, 2002;Lyons et al, 2005;Szymanski & Owens, 2008). Countering heterosexism is challenging since it occurs across cultural (Adams, Bell, & Griffin, 1997;Chesir-Teran, 2003;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Fish, 2008;Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Johnson et al, 2008;Lance, 2002;Murphy, 2006;Szymanski, 2005;…”

“…Heterosexism is a formidable problem because it is oppressive (Fish, 2008;Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Szymanski, 2005), pervasive (Johnson, Carrico, Chesney, & Morin, 2008;Lyons, Fassinger, & Brenner, 2005;McDavitt, Iverson, Kubicek, Weiss, Wong & Kipke, 2008;Swim, Johnston, & Pearson, 2009;Szymanski, 2005;Szymanski, & Owens, 2008), and systematic (Chesir-Teran, 2003;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Fish, 2008;Harris, 2009;Lance, 2002;Lyons et al, 2005;Szymanski & Owens, 2008). Countering heterosexism is challenging since it occurs across cultural (Adams, Bell, & Griffin, 1997;Chesir-Teran, 2003;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Fish, 2008;Hodges & Parkes, 2005;Johnson et al, 2008;Lance, 2002;Murphy, 2006;Szymanski, 2005;Szymanski & Owens, 2008), institutional (Adams, Bell, & Griffin, 1997;Chesir-Teran & Hughes, 2009;Harris, 2009;Lance, 2002;Litovich & Langhout, 2004;Lyons et al, 2005;Szymanski, 2005), and individual (Adams, Bell, & Griffin, 1997;Chesir-Teran, 2003; Chesir-Teran & Hughes; Harris, 2009;Lance, 2002;Litovich & Langhout, 2004;Lyons et al...…”

Fear of and Discrimination Against Bisexuals, Homosexuals, and Individuals with AIDS

“…Such a neologism changes prejudice and discrimination into a psychiatric illness over which the sufferer has no control. However, this is rarely the case since the term homophobia is meant to denote "negative and/or fearful attitudes about homosexuals and homosexuality" (Hodges & Parkes, 2005), and is not analogous to the psychiatric Wright,Mulick,and Kincaid 73 diagnosis of phobia. The term is consistently applied throughout the empirical literature and will thus be used accordingly in this paper.…”