Tackling the UK’s regional economic inequality: binding constraints and avenues for policy intervention

Stansbury, Anna; Turner, Dan; Balls, Ed

doi:10.1080/21582041.2023.2250745

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Indeed, some of the places that have seen the biggest increases in their graduate share between 1993 and 2022, in percentage terms, have seen the biggest falls in the share of graduates doing graduate jobs. This suggests that the supply of graduates has outstripped demand in many places, consistent with the finding in Stansbury et al (2023) that the graduate wage premium has fallen in all regions outside London.…”

Section: The Concentration Of Graduate Jobssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This report examines the way in which 'hollowing out' and other labour market trends have played out geographically, shaping the economic geography of the UK today and the opportunities facing people with different educational backgrounds in different places. It builds on recent work on the nature and origins of geographical inequalities in the UK, in particular the chapter by Overman and Xu (2022) for the IFS Deaton Review on geographical disparities across labour markets, and Stansbury et al (2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The changing geography of jobs

2023

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Between 1993 and, employment in traditionally middle-paying occupations fell by 12% nationally, whilst employment in low-and high-paying occupations grew by 14% and 95%, respectively. This 'hollowing out' has had profound implications for the geography of jobs, and the opportunities available to workers with different educational backgrounds in different parts of the country.2. The decline in manufacturing jobs that provided those without university degrees a route to well-paid work mainly affected the North and Midlands. For example, in Cheshire, the number of people in occupations previously in the middle of the pay distribution fell by a third over the last three decades.3. The occupations that have seen the most growth since 1993 are either in low-paid services such as social care, childcare and hospitality, or in high-paid services such as IT, business and finance. But whilst low-paid service sector jobs have emerged everywhere, the new 'high-end' jobs are found mainly in London and other cities.In Inner London, the number of people in high-paying occupations has increased threefold since 1993.4. There is a strong correlation between the size of the local labour market and the concentration of new high-skilled services. This is not just driven by London and the South: cities such as Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds also have relatively high concentrations of these jobs, though less so than Southern cities of comparable size. Higher education participation has expanded evenly across the country, butgraduate jobs have become more concentrated in London. In ex-industrial regions such as Lincolnshire and Cumbria, fewer than half of all graduates who are in work are in a job that requires a degree, compared to two-thirds (65%) of graduates in Inner London. The share of graduates working in graduate jobs has increased slightly in Inner London (up from 61% in 1993) whilst falling nearly everywhere else, which is consistent with other research on the graduate wage premium falling outside London (Stansbury, Turner and Balls, 2023). 6. Another important labour market trend in recent years is the outsourcing of lowpaid work to specialised agencies. Cleaners, security guards and kitchen staff are increasingly subcontracted to firms specialising in these services rather than employed in-house. In 2011, 22% of workers in 'elementary' occupations were in 'occupationally  The Institute for Fiscal Studies

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Section: The Concentration Of Graduate Jobssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%