Tactical Innovation, Democratic Governance, and Mixed Motives: Popular Movement Resilience in Peru and Ecuador

Abstract

Urban popular movements that organize illegal land invasion communities present an intriguing puzzle. When most invasion organizations acquire land titles, their participation levels plummet and their agendas stagnate; yet some neighborhoods achieve land titles, sustain high participation, and acquire other services, such as piped‐in water. Why do these organizations achieve movement resilience? The more typical trajectory of movement collapse is explained by the disappearance of the key selective incentive, property security. Some organizations, however, evade this “security trap” through mixed motives: their basic material agenda is supplemented by a nonmaterial and often altruistic agenda, which sustains participation in the face of reduced selective incentives. Examining three neighborhood case studies in Lima and Quito, this article argues that a new, “innovator” type of invasion organization is more likely to exhibit sustained participation and movement resilience due to tactical innovation, democratic governance, and mixed motives.

Does firm innovativeness enable effective responses to supply chain disruptions? An empirical study

“…The extent of innovation magnitude is contingent upon the involvement of different functions and hierarchies within and across firms (Roy et al, 2004). Some innovations are tactical (Dosh, 2008), and their impact is limited to a specific activity or business function with operational and short term characteristics. Other innovations are strategic.…”

“…Innovations generated at the executive level may have a stronger effect on performance and survival than innovations generated at an operational level (Perry and Kraemer, 1980). Tactical innovation is found to be positively linked to resilience in social studies (Dosh, 2008). Strategic innovation is strongly linked to competitive advantage and survival in turbulent environments (Galambos and Sturchio, 1998).…”

Capturing the Diversity of Deprived Areas with Image-Based Features: The Case of Mumbai

“…Third, temporal dynamics and the history of areas determine the typology (e.g., chawls in Mumbai developed mainly in the early 20th century as 3-5-story housing for textile and other industrial workers). Patterns of settlements differ when areas are developed by collective and organized occupation, such as the organized land invasion in Latin America (e.g., in Lima, where several thousand people invaded land within one day [42]), compared to areas incrementally developed by individual households.…”

Spatial patterns of deprivation in cities of the global south in very high resolution imagery

“…Third, temporal dynamics and the history of areas determine the typology (e.g., chawls in Mumbai developed mainly in the early 20 th century as 3-5-story housing for textile and other industrial workers). Patterns of settlements differ when areas are developed by collective and organized occupation, such as the organized land invasion in Latin America (e.g., in Lima, where several thousand people invaded land within one day (Dosh, 2009)), compared to areas incrementally developed by individual households.…”