Tactile hallucinations in Parkinson's disease

Fénelon, Gilles; Thobois, Stéphane; Bonnet, Anne‐Marie; Broussolle, Emmanuel; Tison, François

doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0908-9

Cited by 84 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although visual hallucinations predominate auditory hallucinations (mixed with visual) have been reported to affect about 10 % of patients [27]. Somatic [61], tactile [28,49,81] and mixed [28] hallucinations are rarely described in PD.…”

Section: Clinical Correlates Of Psychotic Symptoms In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

Papapetropoulos,

Mash

2005

J Neurol

108

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Psychotic symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and occur in at least 20% of medication-treated patients. Benign visual hallucinations usually appear earlier, while malignant hallucinations, confusional states, delusions, paranoid beliefs, agitation, and delirium become more frequent with disease progression. Virtually all antiparkinsonian drugs may produce psychotic symptoms. Cognitive impairment, increased age, disease duration and severity, depression, and sleep disorders have been consistently identified as independent risk factors for their development. Although the precise pathoetiologic mechanisms remain unknown, we review evidence that links ventral dopaminergic pathway dysfunction (overactivity) together with the involvement of other neurotransmitter system imbalances as likely contributors. The clinical importance of the proposed mechanism is that successful management of psychotic symptoms in PD may rely on a multitarget approach to restore neurotransmitter imbalances rather than focusing exclusively on the dopaminergic dysfunction.

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Section: Clinical Correlates Of Psychotic Symptoms In Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

Papapetropoulos,

Mash

2005

J Neurol

108

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“…Psychotic symptoms in PD consist of hallucinations, which are usually well formed VHs but can also include a sense of presence, illusions or, less frequently, tactile, auditory, or olfactory hallucinations. Psychotic symptoms can affect up to 30% to 40% of patients with PD [28,29]. The circuitry that underlies these problems is less clear than those for motor symptoms.…”

Section: Parallel Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 97%

New insights into the organization of the basal ganglia

Koprich

Johnston²,

Fox³

et al. 2009

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Understanding the functional organization of the basal ganglia requires a broad array of complementary theoretical models. Although the basal ganglia operate as part of a system of parallel cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops, there is clearly integration between the loops and there are probably more of these loops than previously conceived. Moreover, modulation by external inputs, particularly from the brainstem (eg, pedunculopontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, and locus coeruleus) adds to the complexity of the system. We now appreciate that the organization of the basal ganglia is not static and shows significant plasticity that allows the ganglia to function in learning processes and in response to age or disease, either as components of the pathophysiology or as compensatory mechanisms to reduce the functional impact of disease.

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“…Psychotic symptoms in PD include hallucinations of all sensory modalities, delusions, and associated behavioral changes [3••,[8][9][10]Class III]. Visual hallucinations are the most common.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease

Marsh

2004

Curr Treat Options Neurol

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Psychotic symptoms are common and can be a major therapeutic challenge in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). PD-related psychosis is usually characterized by visual hallucinations or delusions and is most often induced by antiparkinsonian medications. However, other medical conditions, psychoactive medications, sleep disturbances, mood disorders, and cognitive impairments are relevant risk factors. Patients with PD should be continually monitored for factors that can trigger the development of psychotic symptoms, including minor symptoms. This includes ongoing critical re-evaluation of the therapeutic regimen, with adjustments as indicated to optimize function across motor, cognitive, and psychiatric domains. Treatment strategies to reduce psychotic symptoms are determined by the clinical picture. "Benign" symptoms may require only education and reassurance. Antipsychotic medications are required for disabling symptoms and emergency hospitalization may be required for agitation that affects the safety of the patient or others. Medication management is often complex and includes elimination or reduction of antiparkinsonian agents (although this can compromise motor function), management of medical comorbidities, and use of atypical antipsychotics. Clozapine and quetiapine are regarded as the most safe and effective atypical neuroleptics in PD patients. Cholinesterase inhibitors can enhance cognition and may reduce psychotic symptoms.

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Tactile hallucinations in Parkinson's disease

Cited by 84 publications

References 12 publications

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

Psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

New insights into the organization of the basal ganglia

Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease

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