Tactile information counteracts the attenuation of rubber hand illusion attributable to increased visuo-proprioceptive divergence

Litwin, Piotr; Zybura, Beata; Motyka, Paweł

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244594

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Crucially, our additional hypothesis was not confirmed, as we did not find evidence of a positive association between one’s sensitivity to walking speed changes and propensity to perceive optimally paced optic flows during binocular rivalry. This result is actually in line with our previous studies (in the domain of multisensory conflicts), which found no evidence for the relatively stronger impact of proprioception with increasing reliability of proprioceptive signals—independently of whether the assessments were based on the detection of passive limb displacement (Litwin et al., 2020) or active reproduction of joint position (Motyka et al., 2021; Motyka & Litwin, 2019). A generalized interpretation of such observations might appeal to the overall inferiority of proprioceptive acuity in relation to the acuity of other exteroceptive modalities (e.g., vision).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed

2021

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Previous research suggests that visual processing depends strongly on locomotor activity and is tuned to optic flows consistent with self-motion speed. Here, we used a binocular rivalry paradigm to investigate whether perceptual access to optic flows depends on their optimality in relation to walking velocity. Participants walked at two different speeds on a treadmill while viewing discrepant visualizations of a virtual tunnel in each eye. We hypothesized that visualizations paced appropriately to the walking speeds will be perceived longer than non optimal (too fast/slow) ones. The presented optic flow speeds were predetermined individually in a task based on matching visual speed to both walking velocities. In addition, perceptual preference for optimal optic flows was expected to increase with proprioceptive ability to detect threshold-level changes in walking speed. Whereas faster (more familiar) optic flows showed enhanced access to awareness during faster compared with slower walking conditions, for slower visual flows, only a nonsignificant tendency for the analogous effect was observed. These effects were not dependent on individual proprioceptive sensitivity. Our findings concur with the emerging view that the velocity of one’s locomotion is used to calibrate visual perception of self-motion and extend the scope of reported action effects on visual awareness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed

2021

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“…The greater the spatial visuoproprioceptive conflict is, the weaker the illusion (Lloyd, 2007;Kalckert & Ehrsson, 2014;Chancel & Ehrsson, 2020;Fan et al, 2021). Notably, the influence of proprioceptive precision (i.e., reliability) on the body ownership percept elicited in the rubber hand illusion has recently been questioned (Motyka & Litwin, 2019;Litwin et al, 2020), which is at odds with a Bayesian account of the sensory processes involved in body ownership (Litwin, 2020). However, in these studies, proprioceptive reliability was not experimentally manipulated but indirectly inferred in a separate hand localization task and used to investigate individual differences in illusion strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proprioceptive uncertainty promotes the rubber hand illusion

Chancel¹,

Ehrsson²

2023

Preprint

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Vision, touch, and proprioception contribute to body ownership, i.e., the multisensory perception of limbs and body parts as one’s own. Recently, the emergence of body ownership illusions such as the visuo-tactile rubber hand illusion has been quantitatively described by Bayesian causal inference models in which the observer computes the probability that visual and tactile signals come from a common source. Given the importance of proprioception for the perception of one’s own body, we hypothesized that proprioceptive information and its relative reliability also impact this inferential process. We used a detection-like task based on the rubber hand illusion paradigm where participants were asked to report whether the rubber hand felt like their own (illusion) or not. We systematically manipulated the degree of asynchrony of visual and tactile stimuli delivered to the rubber hand and the hidden real hand under two different levels of proprioceptive noise achieved by delivering low-frequency muscle vibration (20 Hz) to the lower arm’s antagonist extensor and flexor muscles (biceps and triceps). As hypothesized, we found that the probability of the emergence of the rubber hand illusion increased with proprioceptive noise. Moreover, fitting the data to a Bayesian causal inference model of body ownership revealed that the influence of proprioceptive uncertainty on the emergence of the illusion was captured by a change in the a priori probability of a common cause for vision and touch. Collectively, these results offer new insights into how proprioceptive uncertainty determines the rubber hand illusion and the multisensory perception of one’s own body.

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“…Similarly, the visuo-tactile stimuli were applied at a higher frequency (approximately 0.5 Hz) compared to the visuo-vestibular stimuli (approximately 0.15 Hz), meaning that there were more bimodal events in the visuo-tactile correlations; thus, the information from the visuo-tactile correlations would provide more reliable information. Indeed, we know from a rubber hand illusion experiment that increasing the information content in visuo-tactile correlations boosts hand-ownership illusion during simultaneous visuo-proprioceptive conflict [ 65 ]. In our Bayesian causal model, less reliable visuo-vestibular information due to the artificial GVS stimulation or more reliable visuo-tactile information due to more visuo-tactile events in the correlations would be mathematically equivalent, leading to more reliable visuo-tactile estimates that therefore influence the overall body ownership estimate more than the less reliable visuo-vestibular estimates ( Fig 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular correlations in illusory body ownership and self-motion sensations

Mattsson

Coppi²,

Chancel³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Previous studies have shown that illusory ownership over a mannequin’s body can be induced through synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation as well as through synchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation. The current study aimed to elucidate how three-way combinations of correlated visual, tactile and vestibular signals contribute to the senses of body ownership and self-motion. Visuo-tactile temporal congruence was manipulated by touching the mannequin’s body and the participant’s unseen real body on the trunk with a small object either synchronously or asynchronously. Visuo-vestibular temporal congruence was manipulated by synchronous or asynchronous presentation of a visual motion cue (the background rotating around the mannequin in one direction) and galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve generating a rotation sensation (in the same direction). The illusory experiences were quantified using a questionnaire; threat-evoked skin-conductance responses (SCRs) provided complementary indirect physiological evidence for the illusion. Ratings on the illusion questionnaire statement showed significant main effects of synchronous visuo-vestibular and synchronous visuo-tactile stimulations, suggesting that both of these pairs of bimodal correlations contribute to the ownership illusion. Interestingly, visuo-tactile synchrony dominated because synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation combined with asynchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation elicited a body ownership illusion of similar strength as when both bimodal combinations were synchronous. Moreover, both visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular synchrony were associated with enhanced self-motion perception; self-motion sensations were even triggered when visuo-tactile synchrony was combined with visuo-vestibular asynchrony, suggesting that ownership enhanced the relevance of visual information as a self-motion cue. Finally, the SCR results suggest that synchronous stimulation of either modality pair led to a stronger illusion compared to the asynchronous conditions. Collectively, the results suggest that visuo-tactile temporal correlations have a stronger influence on body ownership than visuo-vestibular correlations and that ownership boosts self-motion perception. We present a Bayesian causal inference model that can explain how visuo-vestibular and visuo-tactile information are combined in multisensory own-body perception.

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Tactile information counteracts the attenuation of rubber hand illusion attributable to increased visuo-proprioceptive divergence

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed

Perceptual Awareness of Optic Flows Paced Optimally and Non-optimally to Walking Speed

Proprioceptive uncertainty promotes the rubber hand illusion

Combination of visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular correlations in illusory body ownership and self-motion sensations

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