Taguchi analysis of extrusion variables and composition effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of EPR-g-MA toughened polyamide 6 and its composite with short glass fiber

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1-0.125 and 70-108 GPa, respectively. Key words: near hemispherical shells, deformability, orthogonal experiment design, finite element method, material properties CLC number: V 434.23 Document code: A IntroductionThe near hemispherical shell has been widely used in applications like the pressure vessels, aircrafts, marine structures and chemical plant installations for its excellent mechanical properties and good architectonical advantages [1][2] . However, in other applications like the diaphragm of the propellant tank, the good deformability is required to improve the expulsion. The deformability of near hemispherical shells is mainly determined by the structure and mechanical properties of materials.The research of the near hemispherical shell structure is mainly focused on the geometry parameters, such as thickness, ratio of the radius to the thickness of hemispherical shell, and geometrical imperfection. Gupta et al. [3] studied the buckling of thin spherical shells under axial loads through experiments and simulations. In their works, multiple numbers of lobes were observed in most of the specimens with ratios of the radius to the thickness varying from 40 to 218, but the deformation behavior were changed when ratios of the radius to the thickness were less than 38.14 and thickness greater than 1.2 mm. Gorland [4] analyzed the effect of the configuration and thickness on the expulsion of metal diaphragm through experiments. The research indicates that the expulsion exceeds 98% only when the diaphragm configuration is less than a complete hemisphere. Besides, the use of spun convolutions does not improve the percent expulsion because failure occurs easily in these regions. Nie [5] has investigated the buckling of imperfect shallow spherical shells, and the results show that the geometrical imperfection lowers the critical load.Material selection is also very important for the deformation behavior of near hemispherical shells. The deformation process of metal diaphragm of 304L stainless steel, pure aluminum and pure titanium was compared by Radtke [6] using experimental and simulating methods. The results show that aluminum is an optimal material for metal diaphragm because of its least buckling sensitivity and lowest differential pressure. When it comes to the effect of material parameters on the deformability of near he...

show abstract

“…Firstly, the average effect of a factor at one level is calculated using simple arithmetic calculation as [11] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

Zhao

Chang

Tang

et al. 2011

J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 The author was enrolled for a PhD (Industrial Engineering) degree in the Department of Material Sciences, CIATEC-CONACYT 3 The author was enrolled for a PhD (Mathematics and Statistics) degree in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics, CIMAT. 4 The author was enrolled for a PhD (Industrial Engineering) degree in the Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, UACJ. 6 The author was enrolled for a Masters (Mechanical Engineering) degree in the Department of Robotic Engineering, UPG.…”

Section: Opsommingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Eco-Efficient Product/Process for the Vulcanising Industry

Becerra

Zitzumbo

Domínguez

et al. 2014

The South African Journal of Industrial Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the development of an eco-efficient product/process, which has improved mechanical properties from the introduction of natural fibres in the EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Terpolymer) rubber formulation. The optimisation analysis is made by a fractional factorial design 2 . Different formulations were evaluated using a multi-response desirability function, with the aim of finding efficient levels for the manufacturing time-cycle, improving the mechanical properties of the product, and reducing the raw material costs. The development of an eco-efficient product/process generates a sustainable alternative to conventional manufacturing. OPSOMMINGDie ontwikkeling van 'n omgewingsdoeltreffende produk of proses, wat verbeterde meganiese eienskappe het as gevolg van die toevoeging van natuurlike vesels in die EPDM ('n tipe polimeer) rubber formulering word voorgehou. Die optimiseringsanalise is gedoen deur 'n breukdeel faktoriaal ontwerp 2 . Verskillende formulerings is geëvalueer deur 'n multi-reaksie wenslikheidsfunksie met die doel om doeltreffende vlakke vir die vervaardigingstydsiklus te vind en sodoende die meganiese eienskappe van die produk te verbeter en die roumateriaalkoste te verminder. Die ontwikkeling van 'n omgewingsdoeltreffende produk of proses genereer 'n volhoubare alternatief tot konvensionele vervaardiging.

show abstract

“…Polyamide 6 (PA6) is an engineering thermoplastic with many important commercial applications due to its superior properties such as high chemical, abrasion, corrosion, and fatigue resistance, high melting temperature ( T m ), and toughness. However, notch sensitivity, low notched impact toughness, high moisture absorption, poor impact resistance below the glass transition temperature ( T g ), and poor dimensional stability limit the application of PA6. − These disadvantages of PA6 can be overcome by blending with other polymers, especially elastomers. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hybrid POSS Nanoparticles on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Toughened Polyamide 6

Yıldırım,

Ullah,

Koçoğlu

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6)/thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were prepared to decrease the notch sensitivity of PA6 for automotive applications, and the morphological, rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties of PA6/TPE blends, which are partially miscible or immiscible depending on the TPE ratio, were significantly improved in the existence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles with multiple reactive epoxy groups as compatibilizers. An unstable phase morphology was obtained with the addition of TPE into PA6 without POSS nanoparticles, whereas interfacial interactions between phases in the presence of POSS were enhanced as a result of a significant decrease in the average particle size from 1.39 to 0.41 μm. The complex viscosity value of the 70PA6/30TPE blend, which was 20 kPa/s –1 at 0.1 rad/s angular frequency, reached 380 kPa/s –1 with the addition of POSS due to the formation of long chains by the generation of graft and/or block copolymers, which resulted in a 65% increase in Young’s modulus value. Most notably, the Izod impact strength of pure PA6, which was 10 kJ/m 2 , increased by 290% with the incorporation of POSS. It was confirmed by FTIR analysis that the reactive multiple epoxy groups of MultEpPOSS and EPPOSS nanoparticles react with the proper groups of PA6 and/or TPE, and also, a partial hydrogen bonding interaction occurs between PA6-TPE from the shifting of N–H and carbonyl peaks. In conclusion, it can be suggested that POSS nanoparticles can serve as highly effective compatibilizers for PA6/TPE blends and have potential commercial applications, especially in the automotive sector.

show abstract

Taguchi analysis of extrusion variables and composition effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of EPR-g-MA toughened polyamide 6 and its composite with short glass fiber

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

Development of an Eco-Efficient Product/Process for the Vulcanising Industry

Effects of Hybrid POSS Nanoparticles on the Properties of Thermoplastic Elastomer-Toughened Polyamide 6

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About