Tailor-Made Enzyme Carriers: Preparation and Use of Adsorbents Specifically Designed to Immobilize Allosteric Enzymes in Activated Conformation

Abstract

Problem statement:The enzyme immobilization has experienced substantial growth in the recent past and an ever increasing amount of study has been reported on various aspects of immobilized enzymes. In most of these investigations, catalytic activities are found to be diminished as compared to the enzyme free in solution. Approach: Hydrophobic adsorbents were prepared containing L-leucine or citric acid, two positive allosteric effectors, for bovine liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH, EC 1.4.1.3) and heart mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.37 ), respectively. Results: Immobilized preparations of these well-defined allosteric enzymes indicated improved catalytic activities as compared with those involving use of the adsorbents without these activators. Conclusion/Recommendations: It is concluded that the regulatory proteins are Furthermore; they retain their natural capacity for undergoing the conformational transitions needed for enhanced catalytic activities. Adsorptive immobilization of these two allosteric proteins in activated conformation may serve as useful models in relation to design strategies for preparation of tailor-made enzyme carriers.

Microbial Consortia from Taptapani Hot Water Springs for Mining Effluent Treatment

“…This is also expected as selective media was used for the purpose. Immobilization of the consortium: Immobilization of living microorganisms and enzymes has been described by several investigators (Nasratun et al, 2009;Salemi, 2010;Yusilawati et al, 2010;Fedorak et al, 1985;Friday and Portier, 1991;Durham et al, 1994b) as being useful not only for the production of chemicals for industrial use but also for degradation of chemical pollutants by bacteria where they colonize on the immobilized surface and form biofilms. They are also found to be advantageous over suspended-cell growth (Friday and Portier, 1991;Durham et al, 1994a;1994b;Shimp and Pfaender, 1982;Ehrhardt and Rehm, 1985) for bioremedial purpose.…”

Potential Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Novel Support in Enzyme Immobilization

“…Diffusion of macromolecules in porous structures is hindered in comparison to diffusion in free solution (Schroder et al, 2006). Various supports have been used for enzymes immobilization such as synthetic organic polymers, biopolymers, hydrogels, smart polymers and inorganic Science Publications AJBB supports (Katchalski-Katzir and Kraemer, 2000;Lozinsky et al, 2003;Sheldon, 2007;Salemi, 2010). A variety of biopolymers, mainly water insoluble polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, agarose and chitosan and proteins such as gelatin and albumin have been widely used as supports for immobilizing enzymes (Krajewska, 2004;Spahn and Minteer, 2008).…”