Tailor-made glycopolymersviareversible deactivation radical polymerization: design, properties and applications

Abstract

Investigating the underlying mechanism of biological interactions using glycopolymer is becoming increasingly important owing to their unique recognition properties. The multivalent interactions between lectin and glycopolymer are significantly influenced by...

Glycopolymers based on carbohydrate or vinyl backbones and their biomedical applications

“…Arylate and acryl amide monomers can be conveniently obtained via reactions such as esterification or amide formation. 13 However, ethylene sugar and styrene sugar have been studied much less, as they are less reactive and more difficult to prepare. After polymerization, the vinyl groups of monomers form the backbone of polymers, while the cyclic sugar portion become the side groups.…”

“…NPs including metal NPs 13 composed of an inorganic core and sugar-based polymer shell and polymer NPs 24 self-assembled from sugar-based block polymers have received significant attention as nanomaterials. Metal NPs with an inorganic core such as Au and Ag have become promising materials for drug and gene delivery due to their ease of synthesis and good biocompatibility.…”

Glycopolymers against pathogen infection

“…In the following chapters of our review, we will focus on the interaction of glycopolymers and pathogens to prevent or treat infections. For readers interested in more details on the multivalent binding modes of glycopolymers, as well as other glycoconjugates and their structure–property–correlations, we kindly refer to other reviews on the topic 29,54–60 including two very recent reviews by Bhattacharya et al from the Singha group 61 and Kim et al from the Shin group 62 as well as a review article by Stenzel 63 on the use of glycopolymers in drug delivery.…”

Glycan-Presenting Coacervates Derived from Charged Poly(active esters): Preparation, Phase Behavior, and Lectin Capture

“…Carbohydrate-mediated interactions dictate many biological processes on the cellular level, for example, adhesion, communication, signal transduction, or fertilization. , Lectins, an important class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, decorate the surface of pathogens and enable adhesion to the cell’s glycocalyx, which is a critical step in infection processes. − Since the interaction of a single carbohydrate ligand with a protein is rather weak, nature employs multivalency to increase the binding affinity and selectivity. , Multivalent synthetic carbohydrate-presenting scaffolds such as linear glycopolymers, branched scaffolds, or particle-based glycocalyx mimetics via gold nanoparticles, micelles, vesicles, or microgels were developed to acquire insights into the molecular mechanisms of multivalent carbohydrate interactions. − At a high density of carbohydrate units, these scaffolds can achieve a lectin-binding avidity that is an order of magnitude larger in comparison to a single unit. , A potential application of such glycoconjugates is the treatment and prevention of infections by binding and blocking pathogenic lectins and their attachment to the glycocalyx. − Furthermore, responsive glycopolymers allow controlling the avidity by triggering an increase or decrease of the carbohydrate density or accessibility. − Mostly so far, thermoresponsive polymers with uncharged polar repeat units are used to form dense solid phase-separated aggregates upon a temperature change. In addition, some work was done on solid carbohydrate-presenting scaffolds that are held together and self-assemble by electrostatic interactions. , …”