Tailor‐made multicomponent electrospun polyurethane nanofibrous composite scaffold comprising olive oil, honey, and propolis for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

The treatment for the bone diseases or defects such as tumor ablation, bone cysts and osteolysis were still challenging in clinical applications. Recently, the bone tissue engineering has emerged as a potential option for the treatment of bone defects. In this study, the nanofibrous composite scaffold consisting of polyurethane, olive oil, honey and propolis were fabricated through electrospinning method. The morphology of the nanofibrous scaffold indicated that nanofibers diameters were reduced with the addition of olive oil, honey and propolis into the Polyurethane (PU). The contact angle measurements showed that the behavior of PU/olive oil was found to hydrophobic (114° ± 1.528) and the PU/olive oil/honey/propolis scaffold rendered hydrophilic behavior (60° ± 1.528). FTIR and TG analysis revealed the interactions of PU with olive oil, honey/propolis and increased thermal stability of the composites. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis displayed reduced surface roughness of the fabricated nanocomposite (PU/olive oil—469 nm and PU/olive oil/honey/propolis—449 nm) than the pristine PU (576 nm). The incorporation of olive oil, honey, and propolis resulted in the enhancement of the tensile strength (PU/olive oil—12.91 MPa and PU/olive oil/honey/propolis—14.346 MPa) compared with the pristine PU (7.12 MPa) as revealed in the mechanical testing. The blood clotting time of PU/olive oil (Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)—175 ±4 s and Partial thromboplastin time (PT)—103.3 ±3.512) was enhanced than pristine PU suggesting its improved anticoagulant behavior. Further, the developed scaffold showed low hemolytic index percentage (PU/olive oil—1.41% and PU/olive oil/honey/propolis—0.95%) than the control (2.48%) indicating its safety with RBC. Cytotoxicity test of the electrospun scaffold with human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H tetrazolium assay demonstrated the non‐toxic and enhanced cell viability rates of HDF cells in developed scaffold than the pristine PU. Hence, the PU/olive oil/honey/propolis nanocomposite possessing better mechanical, physio‐chemical and biological properties might serve as a plausible candidate for bone tissue engineering. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

Biocomposite scaffolds for 3D cell culture: Propolis enriched polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers favoring cell adhesion

“…The total roughness of crosslinked PVA samples were determined as 418 nm referring to 50% decrease as compared to non‐crosslinked fibers. It was obviously known that chemical crosslinking tends to dramatically decrease the surface roughness due to the detrimental effect on the polymer chains 44,45 . In addition, crosslinking causes a dramatic increase in stiffness of the PVA fibers, and this Young's modulus mapping for crosslinked PVA in varying propolis concentration was shown in Figure 3(c).…”

“…It was obviously known that chemical crosslinking tends to dramatically decrease the surface roughness due to the detrimental effect on the polymer chains. 44,45 In addition, crosslinking causes a dramatic increase in stiffness of the PVA fibers, and this Young's modulus mapping for crosslinked PVA in varying propolis concentration was shown in Figure 3(c). Young's modulus values were varied for each concentration, but as the concentration increases, the distribution of Young's modulus on the surface became homogeneous.…”

Characterization of polyamide-6/ propolis blended electrospun fibers

“…Although many studies have been carried out on the properties of various polymers such as PCL, PU, PVP, and ... mixed with propolis [25,26], no study has been seen by the authors focusing on the blending of PA-6 polymer with propolis extract; moreover, the question is, how much of the PA-6 polymeric properties is affected by the propolis extract in the blended matrix. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity, and also the characteristics of electrospun PA-6 polymer fibers blended with different concentrations of propolis extract.…”

Antimicrobial, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) extruded films blended with propolis

“…There are many studies on incorporation of propolis extract into polymeric or biopolymeric films. [28,29] Adomavičiūtė, et al (2018) developed and characterized pure multi-filament yarns and yarns saturated with propolis. They evaluated the effect of preparation and formulation parameters on the characteristics of yarns and they determined the release of propolis extract components from yarns and their possible cytotoxicity on cell formation.…”