Tailored covalent organic frameworks for simultaneously capturing and converting CO₂into cyclic carbonates

Abstract

Catalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide is one of the most promising and green pathways for CO2 utilization in industry. In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a flourishing...

The order–disorder conundrum: a trade-off between crystalline and amorphous porous organic polymers for task-specific applications

“…218 On the other hand, highly crystalline COFs can also be designed specically for the catalytic conversion of epoxide and CO 2 into cyclic organic carbonates. 219 Liu and coworkers developed a pair of triazine-based highly crystalline 2D COFs via imine condensation under solvothermal conditions, namely COF-JLU6 (S BET ¼ 1392 m 2 g À1 ) and COF-JLU7 (S BET ¼ 1450 m 2 g À1 , Fig. 26).…”

Synthesis, characterization and application of oxovanadium(iv) complexes with [NNO] donor ligands: X-ray structures of their corresponding dioxovanadium(v) complexes

“…Catalytic cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides to yield cyclic carbonates using both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst systems that encompass metal complexes, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] ionic liquids, 40,41 metal organic frameworks (MOFs), 42,57 covalent organic frameworks (COFs), 43 porous organic polymers (POPs), 44 organo-catalysts, 45 bi-functional catalysts, 46 alkali metal salts, 47,48 and metal oxides 49 have been demonstrated by various research groups. Currently, vanadium complexes have gained considerable attention from scientic community to be used as catalyst in the CO 2 cycloaddition with epoxides due to the Lewis acidic nature of high-valent V V and V IV centers, suitable for activating epoxides as well as relatively non-toxic nature of naturally abundant vanadium metal.…”

“…17–21 Of many important CO 2 transformation reactions, 22 cycloaddition of CO 2 with epoxides to form cyclic carbonates stands out to be a very attractive transformation process. 23–57 The process is 100% atom economic and the resulting cyclic carbonate products are commercially important chemicals which can be used as electrolytes in lithium-ion battery, 58 polar aprotic solvents, 59 functionalized building blocks for synthesizing valuable organic products, 60 monomers for polycarbonates 61 and isocyanate-free polyurethanes, 62 intermediates for pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. 63 Interestingly, cyclic carbonate moieties are also seen in some natural products 64–66 thereby making the CO 2 transformation reaction to cyclic carbonate a very significant and naturally relevant reaction.…”

Practice of function-oriented synthesis: high-efficiency CO2 conversion and Knoevenagel condensation by two novel In3-based MOFs with high-density active sites under mild conditions

“…23 Post synthesis of catalytic sites not only involves rather complicated synthetic routes, but has resulted in difficulties associated with quantification of these sites. 24–26 Consequently, intense conditions explored in previous works consisting of high pressures and temperatures have resulted in low efficiency along with huge time consumption and energy cost. 24,27 In addition to CO 2 conversion, Knoevenagel condensation, 28–31 as a crucial CC bond-forming reaction in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals, also involves a synergistic catalytic process.…”