Tailored design of nanofiltration membranes for water treatment based on synthesis–property–performance relationships

Abstract

This review article is devoted to bridging the conventional and newly-developed NF membranes with the potential environmental applications by systematically discussing the synthesis–property–performance relationships.

Effects of polyvinylidene fluoride substrate characteristics on the selectivity of thin‐film composite nanofiltration membrane

“…For the PSf substrates with pore size of 30–70 nm, RMS roughness of 5–10 nm and water contact angle of 60–80°, it is found that more permeable, hydrophilic supports produced low permeability TFC membranes, whereas highly porous, relatively hydrophobic supports produced more permeable TFC membranes 25 . But other researchers conclude that a smooth, hydrophilic, and tough substrate membrane with uniform pore size is a better choice for TFC preparation 27 …”

“…25 But other researchers conclude that a smooth, hydrophilic, and tough substrate membrane with uniform pore size is a better choice for TFC preparation. 27 The present reports mainly focus on the substrate surface properties, and mostly use PSf membranes. The results may be only applicable for certain conditions, such as certain material, pore size, and hydrophilicity.…”

The coming of age of water channels for separation membranes: from biological to biomimetic to synthetic

“…10 NF membranes, on the other hand, work on the combination of hydrodynamic filtration, the solution-diffusion mechanism and the Donnan exclusion principle. 188,189 Upon incorporation of nanochannels into the membrane matrix, molecular sieving, interface effects and solution-diffusion mechanisms are probable mechanisms that govern the separation of water and solutes. For transport through the nanochannel, surface friction as well as the interactions between the channel cavity and permeation species will affect the transport rates of the permeating species (this will be elaborated in the subsequent subsections).…”

Robust and multifunctional natural polyphenolic composites for water remediation

“…Membrane, one of the most typical 2D materials, has emerged as a well-liked choice for reclaiming clean water from wastewater for reuse. 110 According to the intrinsic property and separation principle, membrane generally can be classified into several types, including microfiltration (MF, 0.1-5 mm), ultrafiltration (UF, 0.5-100 nm), nanofiltration (NF, 0.5-10 nm) and reverse osmosis (RO, o0.5 nm), etc., which can achieve the interception of suspended particles, organic molecules, colloidal haze, oil emulsions, proteins, bacteria, viruses, even ions from raw water. 99,111 Excitingly, natural polyphenols have been extensively used as coating of the membrane via surface chemistry strategy to realize the desirable functionality.…”