Tailored higher performance silicone elastomer with nanofibrillated cellulose through acidic treatment

Abstract

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) can be used for reinforcer to silicone polymer to expect enhancement of its mechanical strength. However, NFC is a hydrophilic material, which typically poor-dispersed characteristic in non-polar polymer matrices. To overcome this bothersome characteristic, surface modification of NFC has been studied to tailor the interfacial interactions between NFC and matrices for fiber dispersibility in matrices. In this work, NFC was treated with some acids to modify a functional group in NFC. The acid treatment approaches successfully introduced the functional groups onto NFC surface, which confirmed by FT-IR, TGA, and SEM-EDS analyses. Moreover, the XRD analysis revealed that this treated NFC was the cellulose type I and acid treatments did not vary it. The TGA results showed lower thermal degradation of all treated NFC as compared to control NFC. Additionally, the effects of treated NFC as nanofiller in the silicone elastomer were evaluated the mechanical properties. The treated NFC also showed a good dispersibility in silicone composite, and no agglomeration was observed. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation of silicone composite with treated NFC as nanofiller showed high performance compare to silicone composite with pristine NFC.The highest tensile value was recorded at 3.4 MPa in silicone/NFC-P samples using phosphoric acid-treated NFC. Therefore, a low concentration of acid treatments has the potential to be an effective method as a surface modification of NFC.

Extraction and surface modification of cellulose fibers and its reinforcement in starch-based film for packaging composites

“…The measurement of each sample was carried out at 23 °C using 5 replicates. All the measurements were analyzed using Pressa2 testing software (Mustapha and Andou 2021 ).…”

Preparation and properties of carboxylated cellulose nanofibers/monomer casting nylon composites

“…[ 5 ] The linear nature of the cellulose chain easily forms an ordered crystalline structure, which gives the cellulose excellent mechanical properties. [ 6 ] Because nanocellulose has a tendency to agglomerate, which affects its dispersion throughout the polymer, and the naked cellulose surface leaks a large quantity of hydroxyl groups, we have previously used chemical modification methods such as esterification, [ 7 ] acetylation, [ 8 ] grafting, [ 9 ] and silicification [ 10 ] to modify the nanocellulose and improve its dispersion. Another approach by Lu et al [ 11,12 ] involved modifying the CNF using 3‐aminopropyl‐3 methoxysilane (APTMS) in the preparation of CNF/PLA composites.…”

Real‐time observation of microcrack growth in thin film microtomed from rubber/nanocellulose composite sheets, during tensile deformation

“…[ 5,6 ] Nanocellulose‐filled rubber composites have therefore been extensively investigated because nanocellulose materials have advantages over conventional fillers, such as carbon blacks and silica particles, in terms of environmental factors. [ 7–19 ]…”

“…[5,6] Nanocellulose-filled rubber composites have therefore been extensively investigated because nanocellulose materials have advantages over conventional fillers, such as carbon blacks and silica particles, in terms of environmental factors. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) prepared from wood cellulose fibers by catalytic oxidation with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical under aqueous conditions have small, homogeneous widths of $3 nm and lengths of >500 nm. In many cases, TEMPO-oxidized CNFs (TEMPO-CNFs) have completely individualized nanostructures (without agglomeration) and the highest aspect ratios of nanocellulose materials.…”