Tailoring Basal Spacings of Montmorillonite by Poly(oxyalkylene)diamine Intercalation

Lin, Jiang‐Jen; Cheng, I-Jein; Wang, Renchain; Lee, Rong-Jer

doi:10.1021/ma011169f

Cited by 119 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus a dual-functional surfactant with hydrophobic backbone and telechelic amines would be an ideal molecular architecture needed to intercalate GO with interlayer enlargement. Here we shall reveal the preparation of layered GO with much greater d spacing by incorporating telechelic POP-diamine of Jeffamine ® amines, which had been successfully used in enlarging silicate interlayer spacing [30]. Despite great stride made for the incorporation of GO into polar polymer matrices [22,23,31], the nonpolar matrices such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) still pose a significant challenge to achieve homogenous and stable dispersion of graphene [32,33].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It will be shown that the combination of low molecular weight PPgMA with ODA greatly improve the dispersion and the properties of the PPgMA/GO nanocomposites. In view of the success of the layered nanocomposites of POP-diamine and PPgMA modified clay [30,43] or graphite [44,45], we attempted in this study to prepare the conducting polypropylene nanocomposites of ODA intercalated graphite oxide in combination with the two different types of oligomers via solution blending. The goal of this research is to explore the effect of surfactant molecular weight on the thermal, mechanical, and conductive properties, of the nanocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of surfactant molecular weight on morphology and properties of functionalized graphite oxide filled polypropylene nanocomposites

Wang

Jc²,

Sz³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Conductive polymer composites have aroused wide interests from both academia and industry in the field of functional materials. Addition of diverse conducting fillers such as carbon black [1,2], graphite [3], and metal fiber or powder [4] into thermoplastic polymers through melt mixing is an effective approach to fabricate conductive composites. Because a great amount of the fillers, generally greater than 15 wt% [5], were required for the host polymer to become conductive, resulting in both poor processability and inferior mechanical properties, the practical applications of these conventional composites were largely restricted. On the other hand, commercial exploitation of isotactic polypropylene has been expanded rapidly due to its attractive characters of low cost, low weight, heat distortion above 100°C, and extraordinary versatility in terms of properties, applications and recycling. The introduction of nanoscopic fillers of high anisotropy enhances a wide range of performance of the polypropylene nanocomposites, such as mechanical, thermal and conductive properties, at a relatively small loading [6]. Graphite is a layered mineral composed of weakly bonded graphene sheets with a large aspect ratio. Abstract. Various surfactants of different molecular weights, including alkylamine, poly(oxypropylene) diamine (POP), and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPgMA) oligomers, were used for simultaneous funtionalization and reduction of graphite oxide (fGO). In this study, the effect of molecular weight and compatibility of the surfactants on the morphology and properties of the nanocomposites are reported. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) exhibited a definite interlayer thickness for GOA (alkylamine intercalated GO), however, the diffraction peaks were nearly suppressed for fGOs combining ODA with either POP (GOAP) or PPgMA (GOAE). The uniform dispersion of the fGO flakes in the polypropylene matrix resulted in the significant increase in both the degradation temperature and the crystallization temperature. A single characteristic melting peak of monoclinic (!) crystalline phase was observed from DSC traces, which was consistent with WAXD results. Dynamic mechanical analysis clearly indicated increase in both the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites due to the enhanced affinity between fGO and the polypropylene matrix. However, GOAP composite showed lower E" and T g than GOAE because POP is less compatible with the matrix than PPgMA oligomer. Dielectric analysis also showed significant increase in both dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss at low frequency regimes with GOAE showing maximum dielectric properties. The finely dispersed GOAE and its compatibility with polymer matrix manifested the interfacial polarization, which gave rise to much greater #" and #$ than other nanocomposites.

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confidence: 99%

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Role of surfactant molecular weight on morphology and properties of functionalized graphite oxide filled polypropylene nanocomposites

Wang

Jc²,

Sz³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…图 7 D400-MMT, T5000-MMT 和 D400-T5000-MMT 的 XRD Figure 7 XRD curves of D400-MMT, T5000-MMT and D400-T5000-MMT 由图 6 和图 7 可知, 当一种聚醚铵盐插层 MMT 时, 随插层剂聚醚铵阳离子链长的增加, 改性 MMT 的层间距依次增加 [12,13] . 然而, 当两种不同链长的聚醚铵阳离子(D2000 和 D400, 或 T5000 和 D400)协同插层 MMT [12,13] , 同时也说明了插层剂阳离子与 MMT 中的 Na ＋之间的离子交换较为完全. 进一步分析, 发现一个有趣的现象, 即协同插层蒙脱土 D400-D2000-MMT 的有机含量小于 D2000-MMT, 而 D400-T5000-MMT 的有机含量大于 T5000-MMT.…”

Section: 对层间距的影响unclassified

Co-intercalation of Montmorillonite by Poly(oxypropylene) Amine Hydrochlorides with Different Chain Length

Yuzhong¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2012

Acta Chim. Sinica

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“…General procedures for the POP-amine intercalation have been reported previously 24 and an example is described below. Sodium montmorillonite (Na + -MMT, 1.15 meq g −1 , 10 g,) was dispersed in 1 L of deionized water at 80 • C by vigorously mixing.…”

Section: Preparation Of Organophilic Clay (Mmt/d2000)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, we found that further widening up to 92 Å was possible by employing the poly(oxypropylene)-backboned diamines. 24 The modified clays become highly organophilic and dispersible in hydrophobic toluene. The observation impels us to investigate their compatibility with the polymer matrix.…”

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High Compatibility of the Poly(oxypropylene)amine-Intercalated Montmorillonite for Epoxy

Lin

Cheng

Chu

2003

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The poly(oxypropylene)amine (POP-amine) intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) was found to have a high organophilicity and compatibility with epoxy materials. The 2000 g mol −1 molecular weight POP-amine modified MMT, analyzed to have 63 w% organics and 58.0 Å X-ray diffraction (XRD) d-spacing, was compounded with a curing agent (Jeffamine R D2000) and an epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A). With 1-10 w% organoclay additions, the cured epoxies exhibited an exfoliated characteristic and significant improvements in thermal stability, solvent resistance and mechanical properties. The tensile strength (2.8 vs. 0.3 Mpa), flexural modulus (9.6 vs. 3.1 Mpa), and elongation (81.2 vs. 25.3%) were observed for the improved epoxy polymer.KEY WORDS Nanocomposites / Organophilic / Poly(oxypropylene)amine / Clay / Epoxy / In recent years, organic/inorganic nanocomposites have attracted a great deal of interests due to their proven industrial applications. 1-3 Most potential composite systems are hybrids of organic polymers and inorganic mineral clays consisting of layered silicates. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Mainly due to the high aspect ratio and plate-like morphologies 11 of the silicates, the nanocomposites have exhibited unique properties including mechanical strength, 12-16 thermostability, 17, 18 chemical resistance, 19, 20 gas barrier properties, 21, 22 solvent resistance, 20 etc. However, the naturally abundant silicate clay is hydrophilic in nature and lacks the affinity for hydrophobic organic polymers. To improve its miscibility with polymers, the layered silicate must be modified to become organophilic by widening the interlayer space with surfactants. The modification generally involves swelling the layered silicate lattice and also exchanging the interlayer metal cations with organic surfactant salts. 23 The widened interlayer spacing can then be incorporated by polymers, in which the layered silicates are exfoliated and well-dispersed. In literature, this key intercalating process has been well studied by using alky ammonium salts or amino acids as the intercalating agents. 5,12,23 The enlargement of the basal spacing to a maximum of 28 Å has been achieved. Previously, we found that further widening up to 92 Å was possible by employing the poly(oxypropylene)-backboned diamines. 24 The modified clays become highly organophilic and dispersible in hydrophobic toluene. The observation impels us to investigate their compatibility with the polymer matrix. In this paper, the epoxy system of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a polyetheramine is chosen to study its compatibility with organic polymers. By simple mixing in the curing process, the modified organoclay is introduced into the epoxy matrix and their improving mechanical, thermal, and solvent resistant properties are demonstrated.

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Tailoring Basal Spacings of Montmorillonite by Poly(oxyalkylene)diamine Intercalation

Cited by 119 publications

References 11 publications

Role of surfactant molecular weight on morphology and properties of functionalized graphite oxide filled polypropylene nanocomposites

Role of surfactant molecular weight on morphology and properties of functionalized graphite oxide filled polypropylene nanocomposites

Co-intercalation of Montmorillonite by Poly(oxypropylene) Amine Hydrochlorides with Different Chain Length

High Compatibility of the Poly(oxypropylene)amine-Intercalated Montmorillonite for Epoxy

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