Tailoring nanostructured catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion systems

Abstract

This review covers topics related to the synthesis of nanoparticles, the anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions and low temperature electrochemical energy devices. The thermodynamic aspects of nucleation and growth of nanoparticles are discussed. Different methods of chemical synthesis such as w/o microemulsion, B ö nnemann, polyol and carbonyl are presented. How the electrochemical reactions take place on the surface of the catalytic nanoparticles and the importance of the substrate is put in evidence. The use of nanomaterials in low temperature energy devices such as H 2 /O 2 polymer electrolyte or proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and micro-direct methanol fuel cell ( μ DMFC), as well as recent progress and durability, is discussed. Special attention is given to the novel laminar fl ow fuel cell (LFFC). This review starts with the genesis of catalytic nanoparticles, continues with the surface electrochemical reactions that occur on them, and fi nally it discusses their application in electrochemical energy devices such as low temperature fuel cells or Li-air batteries.

Superior Fe x N electrocatalyst derived from 1,1′-diacetylferrocene for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline and acidic media

“…As the carrier of an Fe-based electrocatalyst, carbon material plays a prominent role in further inhibiting the agglomeration of nanoparticles [21], providing more catalytic active sites, and facilitating the O 2 activation [22,23]. Recently, transition metal Fe-based nanocrystals have received more and more attention as catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction [24,25]. Various iron-based compounds have been proved to be effective electrocatalysts for ORR [25], such as Fe [26], Fe 3 O 4 [27], Fe 3 C [28], Fe 3 N [29], Fe-N-C [30], and their mixture due to the synergistic effect [27].…”

Upper Airway Flow Dynamics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Various Apnea-Hypopnea Index

“…This, in turn, will help to identify the anatomical factors that contribute to the OSA severity on patient-specific basis. Computational simulations have been widely utilized to provide an invaluable perception that complement and guide experimental measurements [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The potential of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in predicting clinical outcomes and assessing the diseased conditions in human upper airways has been previously demonstrated [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Pt Electrocatalyst Prepared by Hydrothermal Reduction onto the Gas Diffusion Layer for High-Temperature Formic Acid and Ethanol Fuel PEMFC

“…To the best of author's knowledge, there are no studies referring to this deposition method, which might be considered simpler and more rapid for the preparation of fuel cell electrodes. Different reducing agents (formic acid, ethanol, and ethylene glycol) are proposed to observe the effect of the reducing atmosphere (indeed, these chemicals are extensively used for preparing Pt electrocatalyst by chemical reduction in solution [27][28][29]). The prepared electrodes are physically characterized by thermal analysis (TA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).…”