Tailoring of graphene quantum dots for toxic heavy metals detection

Ghenaatian, Hamid Reza; Shakourian‐Fard, Mehdi; Moghadam, Masoud Rohani; Kamath, Ganesh; Rahmanian, Mohsen

doi:10.1007/s00339-019-3042-6

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Due to an escalation in the popularity of GQDs as sensors in recent years, it is critical to establish universally applicable methods to characterise and explain the mechanisms for analyte selectivity and sensitivity. [1][2][3][4][7][8][9]12,[22][23][24]134,135 The major focus for GQD metal-ion sensing has been directed towards transition metals such as Fe 3+ , Hg 2+ and Cu 2+ , yet there is a great degree of disparity on how ion selectivity is achieved. 41,136,137 It is likely that K sp values of metal ion complexes, regulated by pH, are largely involved in this process, yet this has only been proposed as a mechanism recently, and so further investigation into this K sp -mediated pH is required to explain ion selectivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species

2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species

2022

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“…The reason for the difference in the nature of the interaction of Pb ion with respect to Hg and Cd ions can be related to the difference in their electron con gurations (Hg 2+ ([Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 ), Cd 2+ ([Kr] 4d 10 ), and Pb 2+ ([Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2 )). [73][74][75][76] According to the electron con gurations, Pb 2+ ion has vacant p orbitals and can interact with the MXene surface through electrostatic interactions. In comparison with Pb 2+ ion, Hg 2+ and Cd 2+ ions do not have vacant orbitals.…”

Section: Hm@mxene Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using 2D MXenes: A theoretical study

2024

Preprint

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Water is an indispensable material for human life. Unfortunately, the developments of industrial activities have reduced the quality of water resources in the world. Meantime, heavy metals are an important factor in water pollution due to their toxicity. This study highlights the method for the capture of heavy metal ions from wastewater using the procedure of adsorption. The adsorption of toxic heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Hg2+, and Cd2+) on Ca2C and Cr2C MXene monolayers is investigated using the density functional theory. We have optimized the considered MXenes by nine DFT functionals: PBE, TPSS, BP86, B3LYP, TPSSh, PBE0, CAM-B3LYP, M11, and LC-WPBE. Our results have shown a good agreement with previously measured electronic properties of the Ca2C and Cr2C MXene layers and PBE DFT method. The calculated cohesive energy for the Ca2C and Cr2C MXene monolayers are − 4.12 eV and − 4.20 eV, respectively, which are in agreement with the previous studies. The results reveal that the adsorbed heavy metal ions have a substantial effect on the electronic properties of the considered MXene monolayers. Besides, our calculations show that the metal/MXene structures with higher electron transport rates display higher binding energy and charge transfers between the metal and Ca2C and Cr2C layers. Time-dependent density functional analysis also displayed “ligand to metal charge transfer” excitations for the metal/MXene systems. The larger Ebin for the Pb@Ca2C as well as Pb@Cr2C are according to larger redshifts which are expected (∆λ = 45 nm and 71 nm, respectively). Our results might be helpful for future research toward the application of MXene-based materials for removing wastewater pollutants.

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“…In detail, the vacancy defects formed by N-doping on GQDs surfaces increase the charge transfer and adsorption energy of heavy metals on the GQDs surface. 15,16 Hence, the interaction of N-GQDs with heavy metals is much stronger than that of pristine GQDs. N-GQDs have been synthesized in two "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches, in which the first route has much consideration due to the possibility of N doping and low toxicity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Step Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots via Plasma Contacting Liquid for Multiple Heavy Metal Ion Detection

Thai,

Tran,

Kosugi

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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N doping is crucial to improving the properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and broadening their application. However, the current routes for doping N into GQDs require high pressure, high temperature, and a long time. Here, we reported a simple and fast approach for synthesizing N-doped GQDs from glucosamine via plasma contacting liquid. The synthesis process operated in one step within minutes at atmospheric pressure and temperature lower than 80 °C. The synthesized N-doped GQDs featuring pyrrole, graphitic-N, and pyridine structures were confirmed with XPS, HRTEM, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. Our results showed that the atomic ratio of N/C in N-doped GQDs was about 0.14, in which 54% of N atoms doped in GQDs under pyrrole and graphitic-N structures. These N-doped GQDs contained many O-rich functional groups and surface defects such as Stone−Wales disorder and trivacancy defects. We found that N-doped GQDs synthesized via plasma contacting liquid were more sensitive to multiple metal ions than those synthesized by conventional methods. In detail, through the fluorescence quenching observation, we found that N-doped GQDs in this study were responsive to Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Pd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Co 2+ . Our results indicated that N-doped GQDs via plasma contacting liquid could be used as fluorescent sensors to detect the presence of heavy metal ions in wastewater or pollutant aqueous environments.

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Tailoring of graphene quantum dots for toxic heavy metals detection

Cited by 17 publications

References 80 publications

Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species

Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater using 2D MXenes: A theoretical study

One-Step Synthesis of N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots via Plasma Contacting Liquid for Multiple Heavy Metal Ion Detection

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