Tailoring polymer electrolyte ionic conductivity for production of low- temperature operating quasi-all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

Abstract

The stable operation of lithium-based batteries at low temperatures is critical for applications in cold climates. However, low-temperature operations are plagued by insufficient dynamics in the bulk of the electrolyte and at electrode|electrolyte interfaces. Here, we report a quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte with an ionic conductivity of 2.2 × 10−4 S cm−1 at −20 °C. The electrolyte is prepared via in situ polymerization using a 1,3,5-trioxane-based precursor. The polymer-based electrolyte enables a dual-layered solid electrolyte interphase formation on the Li metal electrode and stabilizes the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-based positive electrode, thus improving interfacial charge-transfer at low temperatures. Consequently, the growth of dendrites at the lithium metal electrode is hindered, thus enabling stable Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 coin and pouch cell operation even at −30 °C. In particular, we report a Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 coin cell cycled at −20 °C and 20 mA g−1 capable of retaining more than 75% (i.e., around 151 mAh g−1) of its first discharge capacity cycle at 30 °C and same specific current.

Enhanced synaptic characteristics of H x WO3-based neuromorphic devices, achieved by current pulse control, for artificial neural networks

“…While there are still challenges to address, such as the minimization of leakage currents and the enhancement of the on/off ratio, the outcomes of this study illustrate the enormous potential of the redox-transistor-based artificial synapse, since the introduction of current pulse control to many previously reported redox-transistor-based artificial synaptic devices could dramatically improve their performance. Redox-transistors offer unique physical properties that can be controlled by combining any electrolyte material with any channel semiconductor material, and also by utilizing the nanostructure of the material [62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. Such diversity in material selection and the physical properties of redox-transistors opens up the possibility of developing redox-based artificial synaptic devices.…”

Advances in functional organic material-based interfacial engineering on metal anodes for rechargeable secondary batteries

“…[78][79][80] Moreover, considering their flexible structure and good interface compatibility, flexible polymers can be applied as SSEs to reduce voltage polarization. 81,82 Similarly, COFs and MOFs with porous structures and rigid channels are promising candidates for the formation of artificial SEI layers and gel/solid-state electrolytes, owing to their well-defined ion channels, enhanced mechanical strength, and homogenized ion deposition/stripping processes. 31,83,84 However, their poor flexibility cannot cope with the large volume changes during the battery cycling.…”

LLZTO Nanoparticle- and Cellulose Mesh-Coreinforced Flexible Composite Electrolyte for Stable Li Metal Batteries

“…Recently, an in situ method that directly converts liquid precursor solution to solid-state phase has gradually come into view and is considered a desirable way to overcome these obstacles mentioned above. , Second, although many efforts have been made, their ionic conductivity and transference number are still not satisfactory, which greatly limits the charge/discharge performance of batteries at high current density. Inspired by gel polymer electrolytes, introducing highly ion-conductive liquid components can enhance ionic conductivity greatly. , But the incorporated liquid would further degrade the mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes. , It is well proved that the introduced inorganic particles are able to compensate for the sacrificed mechanical properties and simultaneously improve the Li + transference number by Lewis acid–base interactions between ceramics and mobile anions. − …”

“…Inspired by gel polymer electrolytes, introducing highly ion-conductive liquid components can enhance ionic conductivity greatly. 33,34 But the incorporated liquid would further degrade the mechanical properties of polymer electrolytes. 35,36 It is well proved that the introduced inorganic particles are able to compensate for the sacrificed mechanical properties and simultaneously improve the Li + transference number by Lewis acid−base interactions between ceramics and mobile anions.…”