Self-powered photodetectors (PD)
based on ferroelectric materials
have gained huge attention because of the spontaneous polarization
and unique photovoltaic effect. However, the low photocurrent values
and switch ratio of the ferroelectric materials limit their further
practical applications in a wide temperature range. In this study,
the self-powered ZnO nanofiber array/BaTiO3 (ZnO-NFA/BTO)
PD was fabricated by high-ordered ZnO-NFA via electrospinning method
deposited on a 300 nm BTO film synthesized using sol–gel method.
The electrospinning can prepare ZnO-NFAs with a controllable diameter
(100 nm) and orientation and is directly deposited on the quartz at
a large scale, which simplifies the fabrication process. This device
possesses a greater on/off ratio of 2357 at zero bias than that of
BTO PD (3.33) and the ZnO-NFA PD (125) at 0.2 V. The highest responsivity
and specific detectivity are 1.41 mA W–
1 and 1.48 × 109 Jones at 368 nm under 0 V bias, respectively,
which is enhanced about three magnitudes than the pristine BTO PD
(1.21 μA W–
1 and 1.02 × 109 Jones). The photocurrent of the ZnO-NFA/BTO PD strongly depends
on the temperature. After the cooling system and prepolarization processing
are both introduced, the largest light current (475 nA) and photovoltaic
plateaus (585 nA) are enhanced by about 4417 and 4278% under 368 nm
at a power intensity of 4.46 mW cm–2 at 0 °C,
respectively. The enhancement of photocurrent is associated with a
ferro-pyro-phototronic effect, evidenced by enhanced ferroelectric
polarization. The ZnO-NFA/BTO PD can detect weak signals at low power
intensity with a wide temperature range of 0–100 °C under
0 V bias. The self-powered ZnO-NFA/BTO PD provides a new and promising
way to fabricate high-performance and low-cost photodetectors from
inorganic perovskite materials.