Tailoring the pressure drop and fluid distribution of a capacitive deionization device

Laxman, Karthik; Husain, Afzal; Nasser, A. E.; Abri, Mohammed Al; Dutta, Joydeep

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2018.10.021

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nonetheless, the surface zeta potential and ion adsorption capacity of ACC were observed to be directly proportional to the applied DC voltage ( Figure 2 and insert). This provides a plausible justification to operate the CDI unit at the upper potential limit of 1.6 V DC , wherein we have previously observed good ion removal capacity (Laxman et al, 2015a , 2019 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Following similar principles, the negative charge on the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell wall mediates their adsorption onto the positively charged electrode surface through electrosorption processes, thus removing the microbes from the treated water (Laxman et al, 2015a ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Yasin et al, 2018 ). The inter-electrode electric field magnitude and the total surface area of the electrodes available for electrosorption are important in determining the charged species removal efficacy of CDI devices (Laxman et al, 2015b , 2019 ). While CDI systems have been well-studied for removing a variety of ionic contaminants from water, the dynamics of microbial removal, especially in the presence of ionic species has not been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection of Bacteria in Water by Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2020

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Clean water is one of the primary UN sustainable development goals for 2,030 and sustainable water deionization and disinfection is the backbone of that goal. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an upcoming technique for water deionization and has shown substantial promise for large scale commercialization. In this study, activated carbon cloth (ACC) electrode based CDI devices are used to study the removal of ionic contaminants in water and the effect of ion concentrations on the electrosorption and disinfection functions of the CDI device for mixed microbial communities in groundwater and a model bacterial strain Escherichia coli. Up to 75 % of microbial cells could be removed in a single pass through the CDI unit for both synthetic and groundwater, while maintaining the salt removal activity. Mortality of the microbial cells were also observed during the CDI cell regeneration and correlated with the chloride ion concentrations. The power consumption and salt removal capacity in the presence and absence of salt were mapped and shown to be as low as 0.1 kWh m −3 and 9.5 mg g −1 , respectively. The results indicate that CDI could be a viable option for single step deionization and microbial disinfection of brackish water.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of Bacteria in Water by Capacitive Deionization

et al. 2020

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“…In CDI devices, highly porous electrodes with high surface area are used for maximum adsorption sites for the ions. Let us consider a piece of porous material thoroughly soaked with saltwater [21][22][23] (Figure 2). Now, activated carbon cloth (ACC) is a popular choice of electrode material [23][24][25].…”

Section: The Physics Behind the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basis and Prospects of Combining Electroadsorption Modeling Approaches for Capacitive Deionization

Nordstrand

Dutta

2020

Physics

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Electrically driven adsorption, electroadsorption, is at the core of technologies for water desalination, energy production, and energy storage using electrolytic capacitors. Modeling can be crucial for understanding and optimizing these devices, and hence different approaches have been taken to develop multiple models, which have been applied to explain capacitive deionization (CDI) device performances for water desalination. Herein, we first discuss the underlying physics of electroadsorption and explain the fundamental similarities between the suggested models. Three CDI models, namely, the more widely used modified Donnan (mD) model, the Randles circuit model, and the recently proposed dynamic Langmuir (DL) model, are compared in terms of modeling approaches. Crucially, the common physical foundation of the models allows them to be improved by incorporating elements and simulation tools from the other models. As a proof of concept, the performance of the Randles circuit is significantly improved by incorporating a modeling element from the mD model and an implementation tool from the DL model (charge-dependent capacitance and system identification, respectively). These principles are accurately validated using data from reports in the literature showing significant prospects in combining modeling elements and tools to properly describe the results obtained in these experiments.

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“…the porous electrode leads the salt ions from water to adsorb on either of the electrode surfaces depending on their electrical charge. [23] Thus, the device composition and operational parameters strongly affect the CDI process, including the electrode material, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] electrode surface modifications, [27,35] cell architecture, [36][37][38][39] waterelectrolyte composition, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] applied voltage, [47][48][49] and flowrate of water passed through the devices. [30,37,[50][51][52] Thus, modeling such processes is important to understand and predict the deionization characteristics in CDI operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 23 ] Thus, the device composition and operational parameters strongly affect the CDI process, including the electrode material, [ 24–34 ] electrode surface modifications, [ 27,35 ] cell architecture, [ 36–39 ] water‐electrolyte composition, [ 40–46 ] applied voltage, [ 47–49 ] and flowrate of water passed through the devices. [ 30,37,50–52 ] Thus, modeling such processes is important to understand and predict the deionization characteristics in CDI operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new automated model brings stability to finite‐element simulations of capacitive deionization

Nordstrand

Dutta

2021

Nano Select

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The massive need for freshwater is driving new desalination technologies such as capacitive deionization (CDI), wherein an applied electric field between porous electrodes removes salt ions from water. In this work, we present substantial advances in numerical approaches to 2D finite‐element models that make it possible to tractably and accurately simulate the local transport, charge‐transfer, and ion‐adsorption processes. This is achieved by introducing a new numerical approach that improves the stability of the method (SmD), which further allows precise and effective modeling that was previously too unstable for use in the state‐of‐the‐art 2D models. The results show that the model now accurately and reliably simulates CDI processes while being effectively applicable to a wider range of structural (device level) and operational conditions (like flow). Crucially, this opens up new opportunities that allow us to provide novel insights into the CDI processes, especially relating to ion‐starved conditions. Finally, novel algorithms support fully automatic implementation with simultaneous fit to multiple data sets and we openly provide all software code to increase accessibility. Thus, we fundamentally believe that the developed model will provide a solid foundation for 2D spatiotemporal simulations of capacitive deionization and aid the future development of CDI technology.

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Tailoring the pressure drop and fluid distribution of a capacitive deionization device

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Disinfection of Bacteria in Water by Capacitive Deionization

Disinfection of Bacteria in Water by Capacitive Deionization

Basis and Prospects of Combining Electroadsorption Modeling Approaches for Capacitive Deionization

A new automated model brings stability to finite‐element simulations of capacitive deionization

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