Tainting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by petroleum hydrocarbons during a short-term exposure

Heras, Horacio; Ackman, R. G.; Macpherson, E. J.

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(92)90592-t

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The types and proportions of hydrocarbons in the water‐soluble fraction of diesel fuel are distinctly different from those in the fuel itself. Compared to the product itself, the water‐soluble fraction of diesel fuel consists of higher levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds (e.g., various naphthalenes) and monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and lower levels of paraffins and naphthenes (Davis, Moffat, & Shepherd, ; Heras, Ackman, & MacPherson, ; Roderigues et al, ). The aromatic constituents of the water‐soluble fraction are among the more odorous of the compounds in petroleum products and thought to be the major contributors to petroleum off‐flavors (Davis et al, ).…”

Section: Catfish Off‐flavors Derived From Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Tucker

Schrader

2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Ictalurid catfish grown in ponds often acquire undesirable off-flavors prior to harvest. Off-flavors develop when odorous, lipophilic substances in food or water are absorbed across gut or gill epithelium and concentrated in edible tissues. The most common causes of catfish off-flavors are two nontoxic secondary metabolites of planktonic cyanobacteria: geosmin (causing an earthy off-flavor) and 2-methylisoborneol (causing a musty off-flavor). Offflavored fish are unacceptable for processing, and harvest must be postponed until the source of the odorous compound disappears and the compound purges from edible fish tissue. Harvest delays caused by episodes of off-flavor increase production time, interrupt cash flow, and increase the risk of fish loss. Catfish farmers consider off-flavor to be one of their most important production-related problems. This paper reviews the causes of off-flavor in catfish, pharmacokinetics of uptake and loss of odorous compounds in catfish, seasonality and prevalence of off-flavors, farm-and industry-level impacts, the ecology of cyanobacteria in catfish ponds, and various strategies for preventing or treating cyanobacterial (and other) off-flavors. A decision-making system based on knowledge gained from research is presented as a guide to effective use of the limited tools available to manage off-flavors. K E Y W O R D S 2-methylisoborneol, blue-green algae, catfish, cyanobacteria, geosmin, off-flavor

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Section: Catfish Off‐flavors Derived From Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Tucker

Schrader

2019

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…After the Exxon Valdez oil spill, PAHs persisted in mussels longer than in salmon (Neff and Burns, 1996), although recontamination probably also played a role in this instance. Salmon (as vertebrates) have the ability to metabolize PAHs, thereby reducing the level of bioaccumulation (Carls et al, 1996), although laboratory experiments with Atlantic salmon also demonstrated that depuration of PAHs from adipocytes was slower than from white muscle tissue (Heras et al, 1992), and decreased depuration rates were correlated with concentrations of higher MW PAHs (Zhou and Ackman, 1994).…”

Section: Depurationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of Fish and Shellfish Following Oil Spill Incidents

Law

Hellou

1999

Environ Geosci

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ABSTRACT• Accidents and spillages are an inevitable consequence of the worldwide transport of crude oil and refined petroleum products by sea. The number of major spills occurring each year has decreased since the 1970s, but spillages and operational discharges from tankers nonetheless constitute a significant input of oil to the marine environment. The rapid uptake of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by exposed fish and shellfish, resulting from large oil spillages in coastal waters, poses a potential threat to human consumers of fish and shellfish and also affects the marketability of catches. In this article, the processes influencing uptake and retention of PAHs in fish and shellfish are outlined by drawing on the experience gained from previous incidents. This includes particular reference to three recent major oil spills from tankers in the United Kingdom and the United States, those involving the Exxon Valdez, Braer, and Sea Empress, and to the resulting contamination of local stocks. A more uniform approach to oil spill monitoring would aid comparisons between spills and would help interpret the kinetics and dynamics of released hydrocarbons in future cases. Currently, no statutory limits or guideline values have been established for PAHs in edible tissues of fish or shellfish, whether derived from oil or combustion sources.

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“…In contrast, Celander et al [32] reported that light gas oil gave a weak EROD induction but no increase in P4501A1 in intraperito‐neally injected rainbow trout. Fuel oils have a low proportion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are the predominant P4501A‐inducing constituents of petroleum hydrocarbons, but water‐soluble fractions concentrate the low boiling point aromatic petroleum constituents because of their greater water solubilities [33]. The apparent, but not significant, resin acid dose‐dependent decrease in EROD activity in the diesel‐ex‐posed salmon was not seen for the ELISA data, which could suggest a competitive substrate inhibition of the cytochrome P4501A catalytic site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) to a combination of resin acids and a water soluble fraction of diesel fuel oil: A model to investigate the chemical causes of Pigmented Salmon Syndrome

Croce

Stagg

1997

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Pigmented Salmon Syndrome is a pollutant‐induced hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. As part of an investigation of this condition, S2 Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) were exposed to a diesel fuel oil, water soluble fraction (WSF) in combination with a mixture of three resin acids (isopimaric, dehydroabietic, and abietic acids) in a continuous‐flow freshwater system. The total nominal concentrations of resin acids in the exposure tanks were 10, 50, and 100 μg/L; the diesel WSF was generated in situ and provided a mean hydrocarbon concentration of 2.0 ±0.1 mg/L (n = 12) during the 9‐d exposure period. Exposure to the diesel WSF alone depressed liver bilirubin UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) activity and induced phenol UDPGT activity. Exposure to the diesel WSF in the absence or presence of resin acids induced liver cytochrome P4501A and increased the concentrations in the plasma of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. The combined exposure to diesel WSF with either 50 or 100 μg/L total resin acid caused significant elevations in the concentrations of bilirubin in the plasma and many of these fish had yellow pigmentation on the ventral surface and around the gill arches. The results demonstrate that exposure to combinations of two groups of contaminants can result in the manifestation of toxic effects not apparent from exposure to either of these chemicals in isolation.

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Tainting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by petroleum hydrocarbons during a short-term exposure

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Contamination of Fish and Shellfish Following Oil Spill Incidents

Exposure of atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar) to a combination of resin acids and a water soluble fraction of diesel fuel oil: A model to investigate the chemical causes of Pigmented Salmon Syndrome

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