Take out the farmer: An economic assessment of land expropriation for urban expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Admasu, Wubante Fetene; Passel, Steven Van; Minale, Amare Sewnet; Tsegaye, Enyew Adgo; Azadi, Hossein; Nyssen, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104038

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results confirmed that it is not only the provisioning services that are being lost in case of land expropriation for urban expansion, but also other ES categories. However, according to our earlier findings [23], at the time of land expropriations for urban expansion, the land use decision makers are not taking in to account the total values of ES.…”

Section: Implications Of the Research Process And Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The Bahir Dar city administration is incorporating significant amounts of land each year from the study kebeles. According to our earlier findings [23], the city administration has expropriated, on average, 150 hectares of land in each year between 2007 and 2017. This implies that the city has been expanding on average by 150 hectares of land each year; on the other hand, the sizes of the four rural kebeles (Addis Alem, Weramit, Wereb and Zenzelima) have been decreased by the same proportion.…”

Section: Implications Of the Research Process And Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The built up area is also projected to be 5276 ha in 2045 [56] Second, the rapid growth in demography and area has resulted into a large number of land expropriation cases each year because the demand for urban land is mainly met by compulsorily acquiring land from the rural kebeles. Bahir Dar has annually incorporated, on average, 150 ha of agricultural land from the surrounding kebeles through expropriations between 2007-2017 [23]. Third, Bahir Dar is situated on the southern shore of Lake Tana, the largest lake in Ethiopia and the main source of the Blue Nile (Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The one-to-one SSIs were conducted in two rounds between May 2018 and August 2018 using Qualtrics software. In the first round, the respondents were asked to give their opinion on: (i) the uses of the 35 ES on the scale of: 5 = very high usage, 4 = high usage, 3 = medium usage, 2 = low usage, 1 = very low usage, and 0 = not at all; (ii) the potentials of the cropland, agroforestry and grassland to provide each of the ES based on the scale of: 5 = very high potential, 4 = high potential, 3 = medium potential, 2 = low potential, 1 = very low potential, and 0=not at all; (iii) the ES changes over the last 15 years (i.e., the years in which the land expropriation for urban expansion has been increasing [23]) based on a scale of highly increasing, increasing, stable, decreasing, and highly decreasing. The interviewer made lots of effort to explain how the interviewees should select the scales and to have a common understanding.…”

Section: Step 3: Conduct Semi-structured Interviews (Ssis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though studies recommend the integration of ES into the urban expansion processes [21,22], including land expropriation [23], for the sustainable development of the land, they overlooked ES. Lack of proper consideration of ES in the process of land expropriation for urban expansion may have two effects: Ex ante, farmers will be reluctant to conserve their land, which would have a significant impact on ES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncovering Ecosystem Services of Expropriated Land: The Case of Urban Expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Admasu

Boerema

Nyssen

et al. 2020

Land

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In Ethiopia, urban expansion happens at high rates and results in land expropriations often at the cost of agriculture and forests. The process of urban expansion does not include assessment of ecosystem services (ES). This has been causing unintended environmental problems. This study aims to uncover ES of three most important land use types (cropland, agroforestry, and grassland) that are threatened by land expropriation for urban expansion in Bahir Dar City. The study applied a participatory approach using community perception and expert judgments (N = 108). Respondents were asked to locate their perceptions on the use of 35 different ES, and then to evaluate the potential of the land use. Respondents were shown to have the ability to differentiate between ES and land use in terms of their potential to deliver ES. The results show that agroforestry is expected to have a high relevant potential to deliver 31% of all ES, but cropland 20% and grassland 14%. Food, fodder, timber, firewood, fresh water, energy, compost, climate regulation, erosion prevention, and water purification and treatment were identified as the ten most important services. It is not only the provisioning services that are being supplied by the land use types which are expropriated for urbanization, but also regulating, supporting and cultural services. To ensure sustainable urban land development, we suggest the consideration of the use of ES and the potential of the land use to supply ES when making land use decisions, including land expropriation for urban expansion.

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Section: Implications Of the Research Process And Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Implications Of the Research Process And Findingsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Step 3: Conduct Semi-structured Interviews (Ssis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Uncovering Ecosystem Services of Expropriated Land: The Case of Urban Expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Admasu

Boerema

Nyssen

et al. 2020

Land

Self Cite

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show abstract

Observed and projected changes in urbanization and nature conservation in a typical fast growing city of Ethiopia, Jimma

et al. 2023

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Urbanization threatens biodiversity mostly in developing nations where rural-urban migration is high and urban planning is poor to consider nature conservation. Lacks of adequate information on how to integrate urban expansion and nature conservaion is aggravating environmental problems and making mitigatory actions di cult. Here we quanti ed how Jimma city, a typical fast growing city in Ethiopia, expanded over the past 35 years, predicted change for the next 50 years and mapped priority areas for conservation. Landsat satellite images of 1985 and 2020 were used to map major land cover types and to quantify temporal changes during this period. We used Markov chain model to predict changes over the next 50 years and GIS-based multi-criteriato identify conservation priority areas. Our nding showed adverse effect of urban expansion on the natural habitats. Over the past three decades, built-up areas were expanded by sevenfold (721%; 2227 ha) while croplands were expanded by 34% (4155 ha). In contrast, a substantial shrinking noticed to the natural habitats: forest cover declined by 39% (5209 ha), grass land by 20% (655 ha) and wetland by 28% (638 ha). Our projection of the current trend to the next 50 years indicated the built-up areas may further increase by fourfold (436%; 13565 ha). However, open water, wetland, natural forest and cropland are predicted to decline by 81% (120 ha), 40% (660 ha), 42% (3455 ha) and 55% (8848 ha), respectively. Under current rate of population growth and rural-urban migrations, urban expansion is inevitable. Our study indicated the importance of delineating at least 9040 ha (28%) of the land within city administration which we categorized as high and very high priority areas for conservation of biodiversity. To build inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities, the urban administrations in developing nations are in need of sound policy, strategies, and planning that support the integration of urban development and nature conservation especially maintaining the existing key biodiversity areas.

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Nexus between land development and the value of ecosystem services in Ethiopia: A contingent valuation study

Admasu

Passel

Minale

et al. 2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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In Ethiopia, the state owns all lands within the territory of the country. Cities are incorporating large parcels of land from their surrounding rural agricultural areas through land expropriation. However, these land developments do not consider the nonmarket value of ecosystem services (ES), which is causing a deterioration of the existing ES and reduction on the potential supply of ES from agricultural land. The aim of this study was to estimate the monetary value of nonmarketable ES from the agricultural land using a Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method. A survey of 524 smallholder farmers was conducted. In the survey, respondents were asked to state their willingness to pay for the improvement of some of the nonmarketable ES: erosion control, air and climate regulation, water regulation and soil fertility. The estimation was carried out using a bivariate probit model. The results revealed that farmers are willing to pay on average 276 ETB (7.9 USD) per hectare per year for a period of 10 years. We found that individual characteristics such as age, family size, and a recent land expropriation experience adversely affect the willingness to pay by the farmers. On the other hand, individuals with higher income and larger land size are willing to pay more. In general, the study indicated that the nonmarket ES, which are affected by the land expropriation for urban expansion, are valuable for the farmers. Therefore, we recommend that the government consider the value of nonmarketable ES in its land use decisions and hence achieve sustainable land development.

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Take out the farmer: An economic assessment of land expropriation for urban expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Uncovering Ecosystem Services of Expropriated Land: The Case of Urban Expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Uncovering Ecosystem Services of Expropriated Land: The Case of Urban Expansion in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Observed and projected changes in urbanization and nature conservation in a typical fast growing city of Ethiopia, Jimma

Nexus between land development and the value of ecosystem services in Ethiopia: A contingent valuation study

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