Taking chiral polymers toward immune regulation

Abstract

The implanted materials and devices can be recognized by the immune system, which in turn mediate the immune microenvironment of tissues. The immune system in mammals is composed of diverse components such as immune cells, cytokines, radicals and antibodies etc. Chiral polymers with good biocompatibility, tailorable ability and ease of fabrication are excellent candidates for diverse biomedical applications. Different chiral biomaterials have been investigated to study the interactions of immune cells and the resulted immune responses, but the effects of chiral polymers on immune regulation are less tackled. Tailoring the chemical and physical properties of chiral polymers can lead to beneficial immune responses. This review focuses on the different fabrication strategies of chiral polymers and interactions of chiral polymers with immune cells and other biological components. The adhesion and interaction patterns of chiral polymers with immune cells, changes in shapes and characteristics of cells, release or inhibition of cytokines, and resulting response are discussed in the review.

Nickel-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Polymerization toward 1,5-Regioregular Polytriazoles

“…Chiral polymers have drawn enhancing attention and found widespread applications owing to their great application potential in the fields of asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition and resolution, biomaterials, and organic optoelectronic materials. − 1,1′-Binaphthyl is a typical axial chiral molecule, and its 2,2′-substituted derivatives have more stable chiral conformations . In consideration of the 2,2′-substituted 1,1′-binaphthyl moieties embedded in the polymer chains of P 1a2e , P 1a2f , P 1c2e , and P 1c2f , we expected these polymers to show chirality and then investigated their circular dichroism (CD).…”

Chiral nanomaterials in tissue engineering

“…Accordingly, chiral polymers have demonstrated immunomodulation capabilities in various studies, as highlighted by a recent review. 266 For example, Griffin et al developed chiral hydrogel implants for skin tissue engineering based on previous work demonstrating that a monodispersed microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold produced using droplet microfluidics could expedite murine wound closure. 267 In their study, the chiral modification of the MAP scaffold was seen to enhance type 2 innate and adaptive immune responses, triggering skin regeneration including hair neogenesis and improved tissue tensile strength.…”

Chirality Regulates Macrophage Polarization for Tissue Regeneration Through Bidirectionally Modulating WTAP‐Mediated m6A Modification

“…[18][19][20][21] It is well established that chiral materials can effectively modulate macrophage behavior. [22,23] Chiral 1D nanoparticles were reported to regulate immune cell maturation, with left-handed nanoparticles showing enhanced efficiency. [24] 2D poly-lysine-modified PPFU films could govern macrophage polarization on the material surface, with right-handed polylysine exerting a more pronounced influence on M2 polarization than the left-handed variant.…”