Taking insight into the gut microbiota of three spider species: No characteristic symbiont was found corresponding to the special feeding style of spiders

Abstract

Microorganisms in insect guts have been recognized as having a great impact on their hosts' nutrition, health, and behavior. Spiders are important natural enemies of pests, and the composition of the gut microbiota of spiders remains unclear. Will the bacterial taxa in spiders be same as the bacterial taxa in insects, and what are the potential functions of the gut bacteria in spiders? To gain insight into the composition of the gut bacteria in spiders and their potential function, we collected three spider species, Pardosa laura , Pardosa astrigera, and Nurscia albofasciata , in the field, and high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3 and V4 regions was used to investigate the diversity of gut microbiota across the three spider species. A total of 23 phyla and 150 families were identified in these three spider species. The dominant bacterial phylum across all samples was Proteobacteria. Burkholderia , Ralstonia , Ochrobactrum , Providencia , Acinetobacter , Proteus, and Rhodoplanes were the dominant genera in the guts of the three spider species. The relative abundances of Wolbachia and Rickettsiella detected in N . albofasciata were significantly higher than those in the other two spider species. The relative abundance of Thermus , Amycolatopsis , Lactococcus , Acinetobacter Microbacterium, and Koribacter detected in spider gut was different among the three spider species. Biomolecular interaction networks indicated that the microbiota in the guts had complex interactions. The results of this study also suggested that at the genus level, some of the gut bacteria taxa in the three spider species were the same as the bacteria in insect guts.

Inter subfamily comparison of gut microbial diversity in twelve wild spider species of family Araneidae

“…The high abundance of representatives of the phylum Proteobacteria in the spiders' gut is in line with previous studies of other arthropods (Hu et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2016;Ruokolainen et al, 2016;Hammer et al, 2017). The genera, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were known for their role in energy, lipid metabolism and degradation of organophosphate based insecticides (Engel & Morgan, 2013;Van Dexter & Boopathy, 2019;Itoh et al, 2018) as reported earlier in other insects like weevils , Cerambycidae (Delalibera et al, 2005), and silkmoth (Anand et al, 2010).…”

“…However, the gut bacterial diversity of this most diverse group is poorly explored. Till date, gut bacterial diversity of only six spider species (Pardosa laura , Pardosa astrigera , Nurscia albofasciata , Rabidosa rabida , Badumna longinqua , andArgiope bruennichi are known (Kennedy et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2019;Rivera et al, 2017;Sheffer et al, 2020). Kennedy et al, studied the impact of different food on the gut microbiome of the spider species Badumna longinqua , and observed that the gut bacterial diversity of this spider is generally diet-driven.…”

“…Earlier gut microbial studies of three spider species observed that the phylum Proterobacteria was the most dominant, including Tenericutes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Thus, the gut bacteria of the spiders may be different from other arthropods due to their peculiar feeding style (HU et al, 2019). Rivera et al, 2017 studied the microbiome associated with the spider species Rabidosa rabida , by analysing body swaps and excreta samples.…”

The Succession of the Gut Microbiota in Insects: A Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota During the Whole Life Cycle of Honey Bees (Apis cerana)

“…At 0 dpe, the main components were Acinetobacter and Sphingomonas . Acinetobacter is an important part of the gut microbiota of many insects and has been found in the gut microbiota of Pardosa laura , Pardosa astrigera , Nurscia albofasciata , Omphisa fuscidentalis and other insects ( Liu et al, 2016 ; Hu et al, 2019 ). Acinetobacter assists the host in digesting food and converting nitrogen ( Briones-Roblero et al, 2016 ) and is an important insect gut probiotic.…”

Differences in the Endophytic Microbiome of Olive Cultivars Infected by Xylella fastidiosa across Seasons

“…With 16S/ITS1 rRNA gene a set of bacterial ( Thermus, Paracoccus , Sarcina , Neisseria , and Streptococcus ) and fungal ( Peniophoraceae , Malassezia , Alternaria , Neocucurbitaria , and Elsinoaceae ) taxa, at genus/family level, highly positively correlated with the high abundance of Xylella, was found. The genus Thermus can be found in many diverse habitats [ 63 ] including insects’ gut microbiome [ 64 ], and plants’ microbiome [ 65 ] with no specifically recognized function. Paracoccus genus includes species with plant growth-promoting traits [ 66 ].…”