Taking Parametric Assumptions Seriously: Arguments for the Use of Welch’s &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;-test instead of the Classical &lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;-test in One-Way ANOVA

Delacre, Marie; Leys, Christophe; Mora, Youri; Lakens, Daniël

doi:10.5334/irsp.198

Cited by 185 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Manuscript to be reviewed generally does not have strong effects on the Type I error rates or the power of the F-test (Delacre, Leys, Mora, & Lakens, 2018;Harwell et al, 1992;Tiku, 1971).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "Examining the influence of picture format on children’s naming responses (v0.1)"

2019

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Digital photography has facilitated the use of more ecological stimuli than line drawings as experimental stimuli. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the effect of the picture format on children´s naming agreement. The present work investigated whether the format of presentation of the pictures (line drawing or photograph) affects naming task performance in children. Two naming task experiments are reported using 106 concepts depicted both as a photograph and as a matched drawing delineated directly from the photograph. Thirty-eight and thirty-four Spanish-speaking children from 8 to 10 years old participated in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 respectively. We examined name agreement measures (H index, percentage of modal name, and alternative responses) and subjective scales (familiarity and visual complexity). The results revealed a significant main effect of format in all of the variables except for familiarity, indicating better name agreement indices and higher visual complexity values for the photograph format than for the line drawing format. Additionally, line drawings were more likely to produce alternative incorrect names. The implications of these findings for psychoeducational research and practice are discussed.

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“…Manuscript to be reviewed generally does not have strong effects on the Type I error rates or the power of the F-test (Delacre, Leys, Mora, & Lakens, 2018;Harwell et al, 1992;Tiku, 1971).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #3 of "Examining the influence of picture format on children’s naming responses (v0.1)"

2019

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“…In the current study, the sample sizes were unequal since categories were created after the data collection, making them naturally unequal. The W-test has been recommended as a robust test where there are doubts about homogeneity of variances and thus the standard F-test cannot be used [27]. Games-Howell post hoc test was used to separate the means where Welch's test showed significant differences among categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further analysis to ascertain differences between the three groups of respondents in sugarcane productivity was done using Welch's Analysis of Variance. This was an appropriate test to use since the standard ANOVA could not be used as the sample sizes and variances were not homogeneous [27]. Welch's ANOVA revealed a significant (P = 0.001) productivity difference among the groups.…”

Section: Risk Of Changing Over To New Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Scale of Operation and Farmers’ Risk Aversion on Sugarcane Productivity in Nandi County, Kenya

Cheruiyot

Sang

2020

AJAEES

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Aims: Sugarcane ranks among top ten commercial crops grown in Kenya, but its productivity has been on the decline. This study investigated influence of scale of farm operation and farmers' risk aversion on productivity. Risk aversion was based on farmers' perceived risks associated with new high yielding, early maturing varieties. Study Design: The survey study adopted an ex post facto research design. Place and Duration of Study:The study was carried out in Nandi County, Western parts of Kenya along a sugarcane growing belt. Data was collected between April and September, 2019. Methodology: An enumerator-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 198 respondents. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select participants. Data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS Version 20. Chi square test and its related measure of strength of association; Cramer's V, were utilized to estimate relationships between variables. Welch's ANOVA (W-test) was run to test for yield differences between groups. Significant differences were subjected to post hoc tests using Games-Howell test to separate the means. Results:There was a significant association between farmers scale of operation and productivity; 2 (2, N = 198) = 14.11, P = .001, V = .267. Farmers scale of operation significantly influenced productivity based on W-test (P = .001). Medium scale farms were significantly more productive per unit of land than both small and large scale. Risk aversion as measured by perceived risks of changing to new varieties was associated with sugarcane productivity; 2 (2, N = 198) = 9.25, P = .01, V = .216. Those who perceived high risks associated with new varieties recorded significantly lower yields compared to low risks (P = .001). Conclusion: Small scale and large scale farmers experienced low sugarcane productivity compared to medium scale. Risk aversion among the farmers appeared to negatively influence sugarcane productivity. Capacity building of the farmers on crop management best practices and risk management strategies is recommended.

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“…Levene's Test for equality of variances often fails to detect [31]. For stimulation data, Mann-Whitney's tests were run with between-subject factor Condition (Sham vs. Actual stimulation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-tACS does not impact the dynamics of motor memory consolidation

Roshchupkina

Stee

Peigneux

2020

Preprint

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The consolidation of motor memory is a non-linear temporal dynamic. There are critical time points at which post-training performance can improve (e.g., 30 min and 24 h) or merely stabilize (e.g., 4 h). Besides, neuronal plasticity is supported by synchronized oscillatory activity in and between brain areas at play during the acquisition and consolidation of motor skills. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can entrain cortical oscillatory activity, which may eventually modulate brain plasticity-related processes. Previous reports suggest that 20 Hz electrical stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1) following training facilitates the consolidation of motor memories. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of tACS was not investigated when applied at critical post-training time points, nor its impact at longer time scales. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 20 Hz tACS applied over M1 within critical time periods (25min vs. 4h) on motor memory consolidation at immediate and delayed (24h) retrieval. Performance similarly evolved over time in all conditions, independently from the stimulation type (20 Hz tACS vs. Sham tACS) or the stimulation time point. As it stands, our results do not support the proposal that 20 Hz tACS exerts a positive, specific effect on the consolidation of motor memories.

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Taking Parametric Assumptions Seriously: Arguments for the Use of Welch’s <i>F</i>-test instead of the Classical <i>F</i>-test in One-Way ANOVA

Cited by 185 publications

References 44 publications

Peer Review #3 of "Examining the influence of picture format on children’s naming responses (v0.1)"

Peer Review #3 of "Examining the influence of picture format on children’s naming responses (v0.1)"

Influence of Scale of Operation and Farmers’ Risk Aversion on Sugarcane Productivity in Nandi County, Kenya

Beta-tACS does not impact the dynamics of motor memory consolidation

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