Taking steps forward in understanding the electrochemical behavior of Na2Ti3O7

Nava-Avendaño, Jessica; Morales‐García, Ángel; Ponrouch, Alexandre; Rousse, G.; Frontera, C.; Senguttuvan, Premkumar; Tarascon, Jean‐Marie; Dompablo, M. Elena Arroyo-de; Palacín, M. Rosa

doi:10.1039/c5ta05174f

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Poor cycle life and low initial coulombic efficiency, however, are the major drawbacks to date. Continuous side reactions with the electrolyte have been found to be a major obstacle, so better stabilization of the electrode/electrolyte interface is required. Finally, it is interesting to note that the redox chemistry of titanates is very flexible, the lithium titanates can store sodium ions and vice versa.…”

Section: Materials For the Negative Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

et al. 2017

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Mobile and stationary energy storage by rechargeable batteries is a topic of broad societal and economical relevance. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is at the forefront of the development, but a massively growing market will likely put severe pressure on resources and supply chains. Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been reconsidered with the aim of providing a lower-cost alternative that is less susceptible to resource and supply risks. On paper, the replacement of lithium by sodium in a battery seems straightforward at first, but unpredictable surprises are often found in practice. What happens when replacing lithium by sodium in electrode reactions? This review provides a state-of-the art overview on the redox behavior of materials when used as electrodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries, respectively. Advantages and challenges related to the use of sodium instead of lithium are discussed.

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Section: Materials For the Negative Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

et al. 2017

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“…11 Such predicted Na-capacity, even though significantly lesser compared to the Li-capacity, would still be considerably superior to those of most other potential anode materials. [3][4][5][6]15,16 Furthermore, lower Na-intake in Si would result in lower volume expansion compared to the case of Li-intake (viz., ∼114% for Na vs. ∼400% for Li), 11 which might just lead to lesser problems related to stress induced degradation and capacity fade in the case of Na.Due to the earlier belief concerning electrochemical Na-insertion being difficult in Si, [6][7][8][9][10]13 only very recently few experimental works 12,17,18 have explored the possibilities of electrochemical sodiation/de-sodiation in crystalline (c-Si) 6,17 and amorphous Si (a-Si) 12,18 in the form of nanoparticles. Indeed, both Ellis et al 7 and Komaba et al, 6 in their studies with Si particle sizes of 325 mesh * Electrochemical Society Student Member.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Reversible Electrochemical Na-Storage and Cyclic Stability of Amorphous Silicon and Silicon-Graphene Film Electrodes

Jangid

Vemulapally

Sonia

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The feasibility of reversible electrochemical Na-alloying in amorphous silicon (a-Si), along with influences of transport limitations of Na, dimensional aspects of a-Si and usage of few layers graphene (FLG) as interlayer (between a-Si and current collector) on Na-capacities and cyclic stabilities, have been demonstrated here with the use of continuous film electrodes (sans binder/additive). Systematic variations of a-Si film thicknesses have indicated that electrochemical Na-alloying, even though feasible, is 'transport limited', especially for a-Si dimensions beyond ∼100 nm. Nevertheless, decent performances, such as initial reversible Na-capacities of ∼340 mAh g −1 , with ∼120 mAh g −1 retained after 100 cycles, could be achieved upon reduction of film thickness to 50 nm. Analytical computation studies indicate that overall diffusivity of Na in such a-Si electrodes may be of the order of ∼10 −19 m 2 s −1 . In the presence of FLG interlayer (∼7 well-ordered continuous graphene layers), 'transport limitation' related issues got suppressed even for 250 nm thick a-Si film; viz., leading to considerably enhanced Na-capacities and improved cyclic stabilities. Accordingly, reversible Na-capacities recorded with the 250 and 50 nm a-Si films at the end of 100 cycles were ∼120 and ∼240 mAh g −1 ; which are possibly the best reported to-date for Si-based electrode materials. Due to limited lithium reserves in the world as compared to the more widespread and abundant reserves of sodium, there has been recent surge of interests toward the development of Na-ion batteries (SIBs), possibly in lieu of the Li-ion technology.1,2 However, one of the major issues associated with the Na-ion system is that graphitic carbon, the commonly used anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), possesses reversible Na-capacity of just ∼35 mAh g −1 .1, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This is an order of magnitude lower compared to the corresponding Li-capacity; 3,10-12 and is caused by the larger size of the Na-ion. Accordingly, metallic anode materials, such as Ge, Sb and Sn, have been investigated for SIBs, but without much success in terms of cyclic stabilities due to dimensional changes (and detrimental stress developments) upon Na-alloying/dealloying. [3][4][5][6] It is a bit surprising that silicon, which possesses possibly the highest theoretical capacity for Li and extensively investigated for LIBs, was hitherto believed to be 'inactive' toward sodiation via electrochemical routes.6-10,13 Kulish et al., 8 via first principles, showed that sodiation of bulk Si is unfavorable, with Na binding energies being 0.6 eV, along with larger diffusion barrier of 1.06 eV. By contrast, the available Na-Si phase diagram 14 indicates that Na-alloying in Si is possible (up to Na 1 Si phase); with more recent calculations predicting that one Si atom can host at most 0.76 Na (i.e., up to Na 0.76 Si; corresponding to specific capacity of ∼725 mAh g −1 ). 11 Such predicted Na-capacity, even though significantly lesser compared to the Li-capacity, would still be co...

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“…[118] Most recent efforts are now directed towards improving its cycling stability and coulombic efficiency, since typical capacity retentions are in the range of 30-64% in the first 50 cycles. [120] In alignment with these results, the removal of superficial Na 2 CO 3 (either found as nonreacted precursor or formed by surface corrosion when exposed [107,110] Copyright 2016, Elsevier B.V. d) Adapted with permission. [120] In alignment with these results, the removal of superficial Na 2 CO 3 (either found as nonreacted precursor or formed by surface corrosion when exposed [107,110] Copyright 2016, Elsevier B.V. d) Adapted with permission.…”

Section: Ternary Oxides (A 2 Ti N O 2n+1 )mentioning

confidence: 57%

Na‐Ion Batteries for Large Scale Applications: A Review on Anode Materials and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation

Muñoz‐Márquez

Saurel

Gómez-Cámer

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

290

196

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Once lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has reached a maturity level enough to be the battery of choice for consumer electronics and power tools, it will be very well positioned to take over transport applications while displacing, for instance, NiCd and Ni-MH technologies. However, a major challenge is waiting for us in the near term: large scale and low cost stationary energy storage. This will be crucial for boosting the efficiency, adaptability, and reliability of the next-generation power grid. The use of stationary energy storage systems coupled to the The urgent need for optimizing the available energy through smart grids and efficient large-scale energy storage systems is pushing the construction and deployment of Li-ion batteries in the MW range which, in the long term, are expected to hit the GW dimension while demanding over 1000 ton of positive active material per system. This amount of Li-based material is equivalent to almost 1% of current Li consumption and can strongly influence the evolution of the lithium supply and cost. Given this uncertainty, it becomes mandatory to develop an energy storage technology that depends on almost infinite and widespread resources: Na-ion batteries are the best technology for large-scale applications. With small working cells in the market that cannot compete in cost ($/W h) with commercial Li-ion batteries, the consolidation of Na-ion batteries mainly depends on increasing their energy density and stability, the negative electrodes being at the heart of these two requirements. Promising Na-based negative electrodes for large-scale battery applications are reviewed, along with the study of the solid electrolyte interphase formed in the anode surface, which is at the origin of most of the stability problems.

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Taking steps forward in understanding the electrochemical behavior of Na₂Ti₃O₇

Abstract: A combination of experiments and calculations allows grasping more information on the capacity fading upon cycling of the Na2Ti3O7 electrode material in Na batteries.

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

From Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Advantages, Challenges, and Surprises

Feasibility of Reversible Electrochemical Na-Storage and Cyclic Stability of Amorphous Silicon and Silicon-Graphene Film Electrodes

Na‐Ion Batteries for Large Scale Applications: A Review on Anode Materials and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation

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