“…The findings in these papers are consistent with a broader literature on the importance of securities regulation and market surveillance for market efficiency and integrity. 1 More generally, our paper contributes to the general question of 1 See, e.g., Aggarwal (2001), Aggarwal and Wu (2003), Allen and Gale (1992), Allen and Gorton (1992), Carson (2003), Clayton et al (2006), Comerton-Forde and Rydge (2006), Comerton-Forde and Tang (2007, Daouk et al (2006), DeMarzo et al (2005, Gerard and Nanda (1993), Harris (2006), Harris (2002), Hillion and Suominen (2004), Jarrow (1992Jarrow ( , 1994, Kumar and Seppi (1992), La Porta et al (1997Porta et al ( , 1998Porta et al ( , 1999Porta et al ( , 2002Porta et al ( , 2006, Mahoney (1999), Merrick et al (2005), Ni et al (2005), Pagano et al (2001Pagano et al ( , 2002, Peng andRöell (2009), O'Hara andMendiola (2003), Pirrong (1993Pirrong ( , 1995aPirrong ( ,b, 1999Pirrong ( , 2004, , Pistor and Wu (2003), Prichard (2003, Reiffen and Robe (2007), Romano (1993Romano ( , 2001 the value of broadly framed versus specific rules in regulating markets and society (see, e.g., Ferguson and Peters, 2003;<...…”